The Lymphoid System Question And Answers

The Lymphoid System

 

Question 1. Write short notes on the types and staging of Hodgkin’s disease.
Answer:

Types of Hodgkin’s Disease.

• Classic Hodgkin’s Disease:
  • Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin’s Disease: Morphology shows a nodular pattern. The broadband of fibrosis divides the node into nodules. The capsule is thick. Lacunar type Reed-Sternbergcell which has a monolobated or multilobated nucleus and a small nucleolus with abundant and pale cytoplasm.
  • Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin’s Disease: Infiltrate is diffuse. Reed Sternberg Cells are of classic type. It affects abdominal lymph nodes and the spleen.
  • Lymphocyte-Depleted Hodgkin’s Disease: The infiltrate is diffuse and often appears hypocellular. A large number ofReed-Sternbergcells and bizarre sarcomatous variants are present.
  • Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin’s Disease: In this Reed-Sternberg cells of classic and lacunar variety is observed with background infiltrate of lymphocytes.
  • Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s Disease: In this variant of Reed-Sternberg cells the lymphocytic and histiocytic cells or popcorn cells are seen within a background of inflammatory cells, predominantly benign lymphocytes.

Read And Learn More: Pathology Question And Answers

Staging of Hodgkin’s Disease

Question 2. Write a short note on Hodgkin’s Disease.
Answer:

Thomas Hodgkin first describes Hodgkin’s disease in 1832. It is a malignant lymphoma.

Hodgkin’s Disease Predisposing Factors

• Epstein Barr virus is involved in causing the disease.
• Patients with HIV infection have a higher incidence.
• Genetic predisposition can be present.

Hodgkin’s Disease Clinical Features

• It occurs in young adults and males are more commonly affected.
• There is a painless enlargement of one or more cervical lymph nodes
• Lymph node enlargement occurs in the cervical area, axilla, inguinal area, and Waldeyer’s ring.
• Nodes are firm and rubbery in consistency

Hodgkin’s Disease Histology

• Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin’s Disease
  • Morphology shows a nodular pattern.
  • Broadbands of fiers divide nodes into nodules
  • The characteristic cell is a lacunar-type Reed-Sternberg cell which has conglobated, multilobate nucleus and a small nucleolus with abundant and pale cytoplasm.
• Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin’s Disease
  • Infiltrate is usually diffuse
  • Reed-Sternberg cells are of classic type, i.e. large with bilobate, double or multiple nuclei, and a large eosinophilic inclusion like the nucleolus.
• Lymphocyte-Depleted Hodgkin’s Disease
  • Infiltrate is diffuse and often appears hypocellular.
  • A large number of Reed-Sternberg cells and bizarre sarcomatous variants are present.
  • It is associated with older age and HIV positivity.
• Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin’s Disease
  • Reed-Sternberg cells of the classic or lacunar type are observed with background infiltrate of lymphocytes.
• Nodular Lymphocyte­Predominant Hodgkin’s Disease
• In this typical Reed-Sternberg Cell is not seen, instead a variant of Reed-Sternberg Cell the lymphocytic and histiocytic cells or popcorn cells are seen within the background of inflammatory cells which are predominantly benign lymphocytes.