Oral Mucous Membrane Question And Answers

Oral mucous membrane

Classify oral mucous membrane and describe in detail about masticatory mucosa.
Answer:

Oral Mucous Membrane  Classification:

• Based on the functional criteria, the oral mucous membrane is divided into:
  1. Masticatory mucosa-gingiva and hard palate.
  2. Lining mucosa – lop, cheek, vestibule, alveolar mucosa, the floor of the mouth, and soft palate.
  3. Specialized mucosa – dorsum of tongue and taste buds.

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Masticatory mucosa:

• It covers those areas of the oral cavity such as the hard palate and gingiva that are exposed to compressive and shear forces and to abrasion during the mastication of food.
• It covers immobile structures.
• It is bound firmly to the structures directly by the attachment of the lamina propria to the periosteum of the underlying bone or indirectly by a fibrous submucosa.

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Oral Mucous Membrane Significance:

1. Fibrous submucosa:

• Cushion the mucosa against mechanical loads.
• Protects the underlying nerves and blood vessels of the palate.

2. Firmness of mucosa:

• Ensures that it does not gape after surgical incision.
• Injections of local anesthesia become difficult and often painful.

Histology:

1. Epithelium.

• Moderately thick.
• Orthokeratinised or para keratinized
• Well adapted to withstand abrasion.

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2. Junction between epithelium and lamina propria.

• Convoluted.
• Presence of numerous elongated papillae.

Functions:

• Provide good mechanical attachment
• Prevent the epithelium from being stripped off.

3. Lamina propria.

• Thick
• Contain a dense network of collagen fibers.

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4. Submucosa layer.

• Gingiva.
• No such distinct layer is present.
• It is because the mucosa is firmly attached by collagen fibers to the cementum and periosteum of the alveolar process.

Palate:

• The submucous layer occurs in wide regions extending between the palatine gingiva and palatine raphe.
• The following zones are distinguished in the palate.
  • Gingival region – adjacent to teeth.
  • Palatine raphe – extending from the incisive papilla.
  • Fatty zone – Anterolateral area between the raphe and gingiva.
  • Glandular – zone – the posterolateral area between the raphe and gingiva.
• The submucous layer contains fat or glands for a cushioning effect.

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