Non-Sporing Anaerobes Question And Answers

Non-Sporing Anaerobes

Question 1. Write a short on gram-positive cocci.
Answer:

Following are the gram-positive cocci:

1. Peptococcus
2. Peptostreptococcus
3. Peptoniphilus
4. Parvimonas micro
5. Anaerococcus
6. Finegoldia
7. Gallicola
8. topobium
9. Blantia
10. Ruminococcus.

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1. Peptococcus:

• These are non-sporing cocci that do not form chain.
• They are spherical in shape and measure 0.5-1 µm in size.
• They lie singly or arranged in pairs or clumps.
• They are coagulase negative.
• Cause pyogenic infection of wound and UTI.

2. Peptostreptococcus and Other Species:

• They are 0.3-1 µm in size and are arranged in chains.
• They can ferment carbohydrates with releasing of gas.
• They are the most common gram-positive cocci isolated
  from human infections, i.e. brain abscesses, and puerperal infections.
• Finegoldia is isolated from wound infections.
• These anaerobic cocci are present in large numbers in pus
  from suppurative lesions.

Question 2. Enumerate non-sporing anaerobic bacteria and discuss their dental pathogenesis.
Answer:

Following are the non-sporing anaerobic bacteria:

Dental Pathogenesis Cocci:

• Gram-positive cocci:
  • Peptococcus
  • Peptostreptococcus
  • Peptoniphilus
  • Parvimonas
  • Anaerococcus
  • Finegoldia
  • Gallicola
  • Atopobium
  • Blantia
  • Ruminococcus.
• Gram-negative cocci:Veillonella
  • Acidaminococcus
  • Megasphaera
  • Negativococcus
  • Anaeroglobus.

Dental Pathogenesis  Bacilli:

• Gram-positive bacilli:
  • Eubacterium
  • Lactobacillus
  • Bifiobacterium
  • Propionibacterium
  • Actinomyces
  • Mobiluncus.
• Gram-negative bacilli:
  • Bacteroides
  • Prevotella
  • Porphyromonas
  • Fusobacterium
  • Leptotrichia.
• Spirochaetes:
  • Treponema
  • Borrrelia.

Dental Pathogenesis of Non-sporing Bacteria

• In dental diseases, the most commonly occurring nonsporing anaerobes are Eubacterium, Spirochetes, A actinomyces and mouth anaerobes.
• The most important factor in developing anaerobic infections is the lowering of oxidation-reduction potential, which favors multiplication of anaerobes.
• PH is lowered due to poor blood supply, tissue necrosis, and growth of facultative anaerobes.
• A concomitant aerobic bacterial infection may, at times, contribute synergistically in the occurrence and progress of anaerobic bacterial infection.
• Once the conditions become suitable, the anaerobes invade the surrounding tissue with the help of different virulence factors, i.e. toxins, various enzymes such as hyaluronidase, heparinize, proteases, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, immunoglobulin proteases which contribute to the dental pathogenesis.
• Anaerobes also produce various extracellular products, while some anaerobes produce capsule which prevents phagocytosis and help in dental pathogenesis.