Larynx Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Cartilages of larynx (or) thyroid cartilage (or) Action & insertion of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (or) Vocal cords/vocal folds
Answer:

• Larynx contains 9 cartilages
  1. Unpaired-3
     • Thyroid
     • Cricoids
     • Epiglottis
  2. Paired -3
     • Arytenoids
     • Corniculate
     • Cuneiform

Read And Learn More: BDS Previous Examination Question And Answers

1. Thyroid Cartilage:

• V-shaped in cross section
• Consists of right & left laminae
• Each lamina is roughly quadrilateral in shape

2. Cricoid Cartilage:

• It is shaped like a ring
• It encircles the larynx below the thyroid cartilage
• Narrow anterior part is called arch & broader posterior part is called lamina

Cricoid Cartilage Attachments:

• Anterior part
  • Triangular cricothyroid
  • Tensor of vocal cord
• Anterolateral aspect
  • Lateral cricoarytenoid
  • Adductor of vocal cord
• Lamina
  • Posterior cricoarytenoid

3. Epiglottis:

• It is a leaf-shaped cartilage
• Upper end is broad & free
• Lower end is pointed & attached between two laminae of thyroid cartilage
• Aryepiglottic folds are attached to right & left margins
• Anterior surface is connected
  • To tongue by median glossoepiglottic fold
  • To hyoid bone by hyoepiglottic ligaments

4. Arytenoid cartilage:

• Pyramid shaped cartilage
• Apex articulates with corniculate cartilage
• Base articulates with lateral part of the upper border of cricoids lamina

5. Corniculate cartilage:

• Small conical nodules
• Articulates with apex of arytenoids cartilage

6. Cuneiform cartilage:

• Two small rod shaped pieces of cartilage placed in aryepiglottic folds

Relations:

Question 2. Describe the larynx under following headings:

1. Extent
2. Parts
3. Vocal folds
4. Nerve supply

Answer:

Larynx Extent:

• From root of tongue to trachea

Larynx Parts:

• It has three parts
  • Supraglottic
  • Ventricle and
  • Infraglottic

Larynx Vocal folds:

• There are two folds of mucous membrane in the cavity of larynx
• They are
  1. Vestibular fold
     • It is the upper fold
  2. Vocal fold lower fold
     • Attachments of vocal folds
       • Anteriorly – middle of angle of thyroid cartilage
       • Posteriorly – vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage
       • Both folds divide the cavity into 3 parts
         1. Vestibule of larynx/ Supraepiglottis
            • It is a part above the vestibular fold
         2. Sinus of larynx/ Ventricle of larynx
            • It is the part between vestibular and vocal folds
         3. Infraglottis
            • It is a part below vocal folds

Larynx Nerve supply:

• Motor nerve supply

• Sensory nerve supply

Question 3. Vocal cords/vocal folds/location & attachments of vocal cords
Answer:

• There are two folds of mucous membrane on each side in laryngeal cavity
• The upper fold is vestibular fold
• The lower fold is vocal fold
• Space between vestibular folds is rima vestibuli
• Space between vocal folds is rima glotidis
• Rima has an anterior intermembranous part & a posterior
  intercartilaginous part
• Vestibular & vocal folds divide the laryngeal cavity into
  1. Vestibule of larynx
     • It is a part above vestibular fold
  2. Ventricle of larynx
     • It is a part between vestibular & vocal folds
  3. Infraglottic part
     • It is a part below vocal folds

Sinus of morgagni:

• It is a narrow fusiform cleft between vestibular & vocal folds

Vocal cords Attachments:

Question 4. Cricoid cartilage
Answer:

• It is shaped like a ring
• It encircles the larynx below the thyroid cartilage
• Narrow anterior part is called arch & broader posterior part is called lamina
• The inferior cornua of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the side of the cricoid cartilage at the junction of the arch & lamina

Cricoid cartilage Attachments:

• Anterior part
  • Triangular cricothyroid
  • Tensor of vocal cord
• Anterolateral aspect
  • Lateral cricoarytenoid
  • Adductor of vocal cord
• Lamina
  • Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 5. Intrinsic muscles of larynx (or) Cricothyroid muscle (or) Give origin, nerve supply & actions of Cricothyroid muscle
Answer:

Question 6. Cartilages of larynx
Answer:

• Larynx contains 9 cartilages
• Unpaired – 3
  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Epiglottis
• Paired – 3
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform

Question 7. Muscles of larynx
Answer:

Question 8. Rima glottidis
Answer:

• The lower fold of mucous membrane on each side in laryngeal cavity is called vocal fold
• Space between vocal folds is called rima glottidis
• It has an
  • Anterior intermembranous part- 3/5th
  • Posterior intercartilaginous part-2/5th
• It is narrowest part of the larynx
• It is longer (23 mm) in males than in females (17 mm)
• It is limited posteriorly by an interarytenoid fold of mucous membrane

Actions Affecting Rima Glottidis:

Question 9. Interior of larynx (or) Briefly describe the extent, salient features and nerve supply of cavity of larynx.
Answer:

Extend:

• From the inlet of larynx to lower border of cricoid cartilage

Structures present:

1. Folds of mucous membrane

1. Vestibular fold- upper fold
2. Vocal fold lower fold
   • Attachments of vocal folds
     • Anteriorly – middle of angle of thyroid cartilage
     • Posteriorly – vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage
   • Both folds divide the cavity into 3 parts
3. Vestibule of larynx/ Supraepiglottis
   • It is a part above the vestibular fold
4. Sinus of larynx/ Ventricle of larynx
   • It is a part below vocal folds

2. Rima

1. Rima vestibule
   • It is space between right and left vestibular folds
2. Rima glottides
   • It is space between vocal folds

Question 10. Movements of vocal cords
Answer:

• Movements of the vocal folds affect the shape & size of the rima glottidis

Question 11. Rima glottidis (or) Give boundaries of rima glottidis
Answer:

• The lower fold of mucous membrane on each side in laryngeal cavity is called vocal fold
• Space between vocal folds is called rima glottidis
• It has an
  • Anterior intermembranous part-3/5th
  • Posterior intercartilaginous part-2/5th
• It is narrowest part of the larynx
• It is longer (23 mm) in males than in females (17 mm)\
• It is limited posteriorly by an interarytenoid fold of mucous membrane

Question 12. Paired cartilage of larynx
Answer:

• Arytenoids cartilage
• Corniculate cartilage
• Cuneiform cartilage

Question 13. Thyroid cartilage
Answer:

Thyroid Cartilage:

• V-shaped in cross section
• Consists of right & left laminae
• Each lamina is roughly quadrilateral in shape

Question 14. Thyrohyoid membrane
Answer:

• It is fibroelastic ligaments that occurs between superior margin of the thyroid cartilage & hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid membrane Types:

1. Median thyrohyoid ligament
   • It is midline thickening of membrane
2. Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
   • It is midline thickening of posterior border of the membrane

• Structures piercing it
• Superior laryngeal arteries
• Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 15. Nerve supply of larynx
Answer:

Question 16. Give attachments, nerve supply & actions of inferior constrictor muscle
Answer:

Inferior constrictor muscle has two parts

Inferior Constrictor Muscle Nerve Supply:

• It is supplied by the cranial part of accessory nerve through the pharyngeal plexus

Inferior Constrictor Muscle Actions:

• Contracts reflexly during deglutition & induce a wave of peristalsis
• Thyropharyngeus causes propulsion
• Cricopharyngeus acts as a sphincter

Question 17. Rima vestibule
Answer:

• There are two folds of mucous membrane on each side in laryngeal cavity
• The upper fold is vestibular fold
• The lower fold is vocal fold
• Space between vestibular folds is rima vestibuli

Question 18. Name the cartilages of larynx. Draw a diagram showing their arrangement
Answer:

• Larynx contains 9 cartilages
  1. Unpaired-3:
     • Thyroid
     • Cricoids
     • Epiglottis
  2. Paired -3:
     • Arytenoids
     • Corniculate
     • Cuneiform

Question 19. Sinus of larynx
Answer:

• There are two folds of mucous membrane in the cavity of larynx
• They are

1. 1. Vestibular fold
      • It is the upper fold
   2. Vocal fold lower fold
      • The part between vestibular fold and vocal folds is called sinus of larynx

Question 20. Muscles of larynx and their nerve supply
Answer:

Question 21. Enumerate structures passing through sinus of morgagni
Answer:

Structures passing through sinus of morgagni

• Eustachian tube – cartilagenous end
• Levator veli palatini muscle
• Ascending palatine artery.

Question 22. Give the boundaries of inlet of larynx.
Answer:

Boundaries of inlet of larynx

• Anteriorly – Epiglottis
• Posteriorly – interarytenoid fold of mucous membrane
• Each side – ayepiglottic folds

Question 23. Sinus of morgagni
Answer:

• Also called ventricle of the larynx
• It is a narrow fusiform cleft between vestibular and vocal folds
• It’s anterior part is prolonged upwards as a diverticulum between the vestibular fold and the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This is known as saccule of the larynx.
• Saccule contains mucous glands that help to lubricate the vocal folds.
• So it is often called as oil can of larynx.