Dental Materials Notes

Dental Material Introduction

Father of dentistry Pierre Fauchard

Father of modern dentistry GV Black

 

List of American National Standards Institute/ American Dental Association Specifications dental material, instruments, and equipment

Title:

1. Alloy For Dental Amalgam
2. Gypsum-Bonded Casting Investment For Dental Gold Alloy
3. Dental Impression Compound
4. Dental Inlay Casting Wax
5. Dental Casting Gold Alloy
6. Dental Mercury
7. Dental Wrought Gold Wire Alloy
8. Dental Zinc Phosphate Cement
9. Dental Silicate Cement
10. Denture Rubber (Obsolete)
11. Dental Agar Impression Material
12. Denture Base Polymers
13. Denture Cold-Curing Repair Resin
14. Dental Material
15. Dental Base Metal Casting Alloy
16. Synthetic Resin Teeth
17. Dental Impression Paste Zinc Oxide – Eugene Type
18. Denture Base Temporary Relining Resin
19. Dental Alginate Impression Material
20. Elastomeric Dental Impression Materials
21. Dental Duplicating Material
22. Zinc Silica-Phosphate Cement
23. Intramural Dental Radiographic Film
24. Dental Excavating Burs
25. Dental Base plate Wax
26. Dental Gypsum Products
27. Dental X-Ray Equipment
28. Direct Filling Resins
29. Endodontic Files and Reamers
30. Hand Instruments
31. Zinc Oxide-Eugene Restorative Materials
32. Exposure Time Designation for Timers of Dental X-Ray Machines
33. Orthodontic Wires
34. Dental Terminology
35. Dental Aspirating Syringes
36. High-Speed Air-Driven Handpicks
37. Diamond Rotary Instruments
38. Dental Abrasive Powders
39. Porcelain-Alloy Systems
40. Pit and Fissure Sealant
41. Dental Implants
42. Unalloyed Titanium for Dental Implants.
43. Cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys for dental implants
44. Recommended Standard Practices for Biological Evaluation of Dental Materials
45. Phosphate-Bonded Investment
46. Mechanical Amalgamators
47. Dental Electrosurgical Equipment
48. Porcelain Teeth
49. Dental Chairs
50. Dental Units
51. Ultraviolet Activators and Disclosing Lights
52. Analgesic Equipment
53. Casting Machines (Deleted)
54. Gas Furnaces (Deleted)
55. Uranium Content in Dental Porcelain and Porcelain Teeth
56. Crown and Bridge Resins
57. Dental Needles
58. Dispensers of Mercury And Alloy for Dental Amalgam
59. Dental Floss (Deleted)
60. Endodontic Filling Materials
61. Root Canal Files, Type H (Hedstrom)
62. Portable Steam Autoclave Sterilizer
63. Jet Injectors (Deleted)
64. Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement
65. Dental Abrasive Pastes
66. Rasps and Barbed Broaches
67. Dental Explorers
68. Low-Speed Handpicks
69. Glass Ionomer Cements
70. Ligament Injection Syringes
71. Aspirating syringes not operating on the harpoon mechanism
72. Dental Ceramics
73. Dental X-Ray Protective Aprons and Accessory Devices Root Canal-Filling Condensers and Spreaders
74. Endodontic Spreaders
75. Dental Absorbent Points
76. Dental Stools
77. Resilient Denture Liners
78. Non-sterile latex Gloves for Dentistry
79. Stiffness of Tufted Area of Toot brushes
80. Dental Obtruding Points
81. Dental Vacuum Pumps
82. Color Stability Test Procedure
83. Magnets and Keepers Used For Intramural and Extramural Retainers for Prosthetic Restorations
84. Combined Reversible/Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Materials
85. Indicator Pastes
86. Panoramic X-Ray Equipment
87. Prophy Angles
88. Interligament and Perio-Syringes
89. Impression Trays
90. Impression Alloys
91. Dental Operating Lights
92. Rubber Dams

Physical Properties Of Dental Materials

Color: Sensation induced from light of varying wavelengths reaching the eye.

Dimensions of color:

• Hue: Dominant color of an object.
• Value: Relative lightness or darkness of a color.
• Chroma: Degree of saturation of a particular hue.

Creep: Time-dependent plastic strain of a material under a static load or constant stress.

Hardness: Resistance of a material to being indented end on scratch.

Metamerism: A phenomenon in which the color of an object under one type of light ap- pears to change when illuminated by a different light source.

Rheology: Study of the deformation and flow characteristics of matter.

Tarnish Process by which a metal surface is dulled or discolored when a reaction with a Sulfide, Oxide, Chloride, or other chemical causes a thin film to form.

Corrosion: Chemical on electrochemical in which a solid usually metal is attacked by an environmental agent resulting in partial or complete dissolution.

Viscosity: Resistance of a fluid to flow.

Embryonic Development Questions and Answers

Question 1. Formation, functions, and fate of notochord.
Answer:

The notochord is a midline structure, that develops between the cranial end of the primitive streak and the caudal end of the prochordal plate.

Notochord Formation:

• The cranial end of the primitive streak becomes thickened to form a primitive knot/node.
• A depression appears in the center of it called a blastopore.
• Cells in the primitive knot multiply and pass cranially up to the caudal margin of the prochordal plate to form a solid cord called the notochordal process.
• After the formation of the blastopore, its cavity extends into the notochordal process and converts it into the notochordal canal.
• Its cells become mixed up with the endodermal cells.
• The notochordal canal is separated from the yolk sac.
• The notochordal canal communicates with the amniotic cavity.
• Gradually the walls of the canal become flattened forming a notochordal plate.
• This process is reversed so that the plate assumes the shape of a tube.
• The proliferation of cells of this tube converts it into a solid rod called a definitive notochord.

Notochord Function:

• Notochord underlies the neural tube.
• It serves as the basis for the axial skeleton.

Notochord Fate:

• Most of the part of the notochord disappears.
• Part of it persists in the region of each intervertebral disc as the nucleus pulposus.