Chapter 2 Interpersonal Relation Questions and Answers
Question 1. Define Interpersonal relationships.
Answer:
- Interpersonal Relationships are social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people.
- It is a long-term association and it is based on emotions like love and liking, regular business interactions, etc.
- These relationships can be seen in family, friends, marriage, in neighborhoods, churches, etc.
Interpersonal Relationship Definition: Interpersonal Relationship refers to reciprocal social and emotional interaction between two or more individuals in an environment. Interpersonal Relationship is defined as a close association between individuals who share common interests and goals.
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Question 2. Barriers of Interpersonal Relations.
Answer:
Barriers of Interpersonal Relations.
1. Personal barriers: The major personal factors that can influence the development or maintenance of an interpersonal relationship between two or more people are discussed below.
Personal Barriers Gender: Gender may influence an interpersonal relationship. A strange man may establish a prompt and intimate interpersonal relationship with another man. However, the same may not ensue between a man and a woman and vice versa.
Personal Barriers Lack Of honesty And trust: The absence of honesty and trust between two or more individuals may affect their interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the presence of honesty and trust are essential factors in the development of interpersonal relationships. In the absence of honesty, an inner positive feeling of closeness may not be established and trust cannot be built, which is one of the fundamental prerequisites for building strong interpersonal relationships.
Personal Barriers Lack Of compatibility: Reciprocal compatibility is essential for a strong interpersonal relationship. Two individuals with contrasting personalities, who are not at all compatible, may face difficulties in getting along with each other and may not be able to establish a good interpersonal relationship.
Personal Barriers Feelings of insecurity: When individuals lack security in a relationship, they may fail to establish a good interpersonal relationship because of feelings of threat and anxiety that may hinder a strong interpersonal relationship.
- Lack of integrity
- Arrogance
- Manipulative behavior
- Closed mind
- Inconsistency
- Suspiciousness
- Past bad experiences
- Lack of discipline
- Lack of courtesy
- Impatience
- Not meeting commitments
- Selfishness
2. Situational Barriers: Situational barriers play a major role in interpersonal relationships as well. Some major situational factors that influence interpersonal relationships are discussed below.
Situational Barriers Adverse environmental situations: The environment is where the transition takes place. It can be a problem to maintain an interpersonal relationship if the environment is not cordial. Adverse environmental situations always play a crucial role in blocking interpersonal relationships.
Situational Barriers Lack of territoriality: Territoriality is the innate tendency to own space. All individuals lay claim to certain areas as their own and feel safer in their area. Lack of territoriality leads to distortion in interpersonal relationships.
Situational Barriers High density of individuals: Density refers to the number of people within a given environmental space. Prolonged exposure to high-density situations elicits certain behaviors, such as aggression, stress, and hostility. These behaviors can stop a person from building effective interpersonal relationships.
Situational Barriers Increased physical distance: How various cultures use space to communicate. If this distance is more than required, sometimes it can be a source of hindrance in interpersonal relationships. There are certain specifications about the distance to be kept in interpersonal relationships (for example, intimate distance: the closest distance individuals allow between themselves and others is recommended at being about 0-18 inches.
Situational Barriers Lack of time: Time plays an important role in relationships. Every relationship needs time and an individual’s effort to grow. Frustrations arise when people do not have time to meet or interact with each other. Even in organizations, individuals must spend quality time with their co-workers to strengthen the bond between them. Married couples must take time out for each other for the magic to stay in the relationship forever.
3. Sociocultural Barriers: Some common sociocultural barriers to interpersonal relationships are given below.
Sociocultural Barriers Cultural Diversity: Culture plays an important role in the development of interpersonal relationships as cultural mores, norms, ideas, and customs provide the basis for our way of thinking. For example, a man and a woman who hug each other on the street give a different message in the Indian culture than they would in the American culture. Similarly, an organization’s culture (which can be a hospital setting) influences the general nature of employee relationships.
Question 3. Explain the methods of overcoming the barriers in IPR.
Answer:
Methods to overcome barriers of interpersonal relationships Several strategies or guidelines may be used to overcome the barriers of interpersonal relationships. The essential guidelines to overcome these barriers are given below and in.
Strategies to overcome personal barriers
- In interpersonal relationships, gender differences must be given due consideration
- Honesty and trust must be maintained while establishing and building interpersonal relationships.
- Individuals involved in an interpersonal relationship must be compatible.
- Individuals must try and adapt according to others’ backgrounds and try to be compatible with their aims, attitudes, and thought processes.
- A sense of security must be ensured between the people involved in an interpersonal relationship.
- Effective communication is a key aspect of efficient interpersonal relationships. Clarity of thought is also essential in interpersonal relationships.
- Individuals involved in an interpersonal relationship must have a sound self-concept and positive self-esteem
- Individuals must try and improve their self-concept by minimizing the use of misperception and selective interaction and evaluation of the other person. They must also avoid selective self-evaluation and response evocation.
- Flexibility in the ideology and philosophy of the individuals in a relationship must be ensured for a more effective adaptation and the success of an interpersonal relationship.
- A mutual sense of respect must be ensured by the people involved in a personal and professional relationship.
- Fear of rejection must be eliminated between the individuals involved in an interpersonal relationship.
- Skilled therapeutic communication is required to interact with individuals suffering from psychiatric or personality problems.
Strategies to overcome situational barriers
- The interaction setting should be simple and familiar to the individuals and each individual should make the other feel as important.
- During interaction in adverse environmental situations or between individuals of diverse territories and high densities, special care must be taken.
- Even in organizations, individuals must spend quality time with their co-workers to strengthen the bond between them.
Strategies to overcome sociocultural barriers
- One can try to overcome cultural diversity by trying to enhance the four primary factors that decide the interaction pattern such as openness, trust, owing, and risk to experiment.
- In situations of social diversity between the people involved in a relationship, individuals should try to understand their social variations and make a sincere effort to adapt to these variations with flexibility.
- Individuals must try to enhance interpersonal communication skills such as maintaining good eye contact, appropriate body language, and listening with patience.
Steps to Overcome Barriers in Interpersonal Relationships
Barriers in Interpersonal Relationships Step 1
- Admit that you have a problem in your relationship.
- Identify the symptoms of the problem.
- Write down the problem.
- Then write, how you know if it is a problem by listing symptoms present in your relationship.
Barriers in Interpersonal Relationships Step 2: Based on your admission in step 1 of the problem in your relationship, decide which of the barriers listed are present in this problem. List down that.
Barriers in Interpersonal Relationships Step 3: Once you have listed the problem and symptoms in Step 1 and the barriers in Step 2, share this list with your partner or friends and Colleagues to read your description in Step 1 and Step 2.
Barriers in Interpersonal Relationships Step 4
- Based and your partner or friend’s colleague’s responses in step 3, you both can compare your responses to the three questions. You are ready for an analysis of your different and similar points of view.
- Write down on which points you agree or disagree concerning the problem, its symptoms, and the barriers present.
Barriers in Interpersonal Relationships Step 5: You and your partner or friends or Colleagues are ready to develop a plan of action to address those barriers (problems) you agree to exist in your specific relationship.
Question 4. Importance of interpersonal relationships in nursing.
Answer:
The ability to communicate effectively is one of the most essential skills in nursing. Communication encompasses (cause) study of the patient’s behavior including all observable actions, verbal and non-verbal communication. Effective communication goes beyond the nurse-patient relationship and involves coordination and cooperation with all of the health team members.
Nurse’s responsibility in maintaining Interpersonal Relationships:
- Initiate the relationship by introducing herself.
- State the purpose of the relationship
- State the limitations of the relationship, including the frequency of interaction, duration, and nature of the relationship.
- Maintain client-centered, pursuing mutually identified goals and exploring appropriate feelings of the patient.
- Terminate the relationship by preparing herself and the client for termination before the time for it, summarizing the relationship with the patient.
- Encourage the client to verbalize feelings about the relationship, and termination, and express her thoughts to the patient about the relationship.
- Like any powerful agent, the nurse’s communication can result in both bad and good.
- Every nuance of posture, small expression, gesture, word chosen, and attitude held has the potential to hurt or heal.
- Good communication empowers and enables people to know themselves and make their own choices.
- Nurses have good opportunities to bring about good things for themselves, their clients, and their colleagues through this kind of therapeutic communication.
Nurse-patient relationship: Helping relationships are the foundation of clinical nursing practice. In such a relationship, the nurse assumes the role of a professional helper and comes to know the patient as an individual who has unique health needs, human responses, and patterns of living.
Question 5. Johari window.
Answer:
The Johari window model is a simple and useful tool for illustrating and improving self-awareness and mutual understanding between individuals within a group. The Johari window terminology refers to the self and others. Self refers to the person subject to the Johari window analysis and others refers to other people in the person’s group or team.
It is a simple and useful tool for understanding and training:
- Self-awareness
- Personal development
- Improving communication
- Interpersonal relationship
- Group dynamics
- Team development
- Intergroup relationship
The concept of the Johari window: The word window in the Johari window model represents an open area or quadrant of one’s personality (similar to a window in a house through which one can look inside or outside) which represents information especially feelings, views, attitudes, intentions, skills, etc., within or about a person from four different perspectives.
These perspectives are also known as regions, areas, or quadrants. Thus, the Johari window model can be referred to as a disclosure/feedback model of self-awareness because it helps a person analyze his or her feelings or behavior and is an information processing tool for other people because they can process information about a person subjected to the Johari window analysis.
Therefore, the terminology used in this model refers to self and others self means oneself or a future group and others means other people in the person’s group or other future groups who are subjected to the Johari window analysis.
The Johari window’s four regions (areas, quadrants, or perspectives) are as follows
1. Open area/open self or free area or free self: This is the part of an individual’s personality that is open for the individual himself or herself and for others also. It represents all that is known by the person about himself or herself and is also known by others.
This area is related to the information about behaviors, attitudes, experiences, motivation, emotions, and feelings that are known to the self and by others.
2. Blind area or blind self or blind spot: As the quadrant’s name implies, this is the area of one’s personality about which the individual is unaware, i.e. the person does not know about his or her behavior or feelings but other people are aware of those.
This can be the simple information of deep issues such as incompetence, inadequacy, rejection, and unworthiness which are difficult for individuals to face directly and yet can be seen by others.
3. Hidden area/hidden self or avoided area or avoided self This is the area that includes feelings, fears, etc., that are known to the person about himself or herself but are purposely hidden from others because of some reasons.
Represents information, feelings, and emotions known to self but not revealed to others. Includes sensitiveness, secrets, fears, hidden agendas, and manipulative intentions that a person doesn’t want to reveal.
4. Unknown area or unknown self: This is the area that is not known to the person about himself or herself and others also do not know about the person.
Nurses can help in prompting through self-discovery or observations by others, or collective or mutual discovery. Counseling can also uncover unknown issues. These areas include repressed or Subconscious feelings rooted in formative events and traumatic past experiences, which can stay unknown for a lifetime.
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