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Home » Alimentary System Question And Answers

Alimentary System Question And Answers

July 15, 2023 by Joankessler parkland Leave a Comment

Question 1. Development of tongue.
Answer:

  • Development of the tongue starts in the fourth week of intrauterine life
  • The medial most parts of the mandibular arches proliferate to form two lingual swellings.
  • These lingual swellings are partially separated from each other by another swelling called tuberculum impair.
  • These are derived from 1st branchial arch.

Read And Learn More: BDS Previous Examination Question And Answers

  • Another midline swelling, hypobranchial eminence is derived from mesoderm of the second, third, and part of the fourth arch.

Tooth Development Stages Detailed Diagram

  • It is sub-divided into cranial and caudal part.
  • The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is formed by fusion of
    1. The tuberculum impair and
    2. The two lingual swelling.
  • The posterior one-third of the tongue is derived from the cranial part of the hypobranchial eminence.
  • The posterior-most part of the tongue is derived from the fourth arch.
  • The musculature of the tongue is derived from the occipital myotomes.
  • Taste buds are formed in relation to the terminal branches of the innervating nerve fibres.
  • Nerve supply of the tongue depends on the its developmental derivation.
  • Anterior two-third of the tongue is supplied by lingual branch of mandibular nerve which i branchial arch.
  • Posterior one third is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, nerve of third branchial arch.
  • Posterior most part is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve, nerve of the fourth branchial arch.

Alimentary System

Question 2. Give a detailed account of development of milk teeth.
Answer:

Tooth Development Stages Diagram

  • By the sixth week of development of basal layer of the epithelial lining of the oral cavity forms dental
    lamina.
  • This lamina gives rise to 16 localized thickened buds called enamel organs.
  • The enamel organ grows downwards assuming a cup-shaped appearance which is occupied by dental papilla.
  • This stage is described as cap stage.
  • The cells of the enamel organ lining the papilla become columnar called ameloblasts.
  • Mesodermal cells of the papilla form a continuous epithelium-like layer called odontoblast.
  • The remaining cells form the pulp.
  • The developing tooth now looks like a bell.
  • Amelobasts lay down enamel while odontoblasts lay down dentin.
  • Odontoblasts in the root region lay down dentin.
  • The dentin is covered by mesenchymal which lay down cementum.
  • Outside it, mesenchymal cells from the periodontal ligament.

Question 3. Structure of tooth (labelled diagram only)
Answer:

Tooth Anatomy Diagram

Question 3. Enumerate congenital anomalies of teeth.
Answer:

  • Anodontia – absence of teeth.
  • Supernumerary teeth – extra number of teeth.
  • Abnormal teeth.
  • Gemination – fusion of two/more teeth.
  • Precocious – early eruption of teeth.
  • Delayed eruption of teeth.
  • Ectopic eruption of teeth.
  • Improper formation of enamel and dentin.

Question 4. Development of oral mucosa.
Answer:

  • The oral cavity is derived partly from the ectoderm and partly from the endoderm.
  • The anterior part of the oral cavity is derived from the ectoderm while tongue, epiglottis and pharynx are derived from the endoderm.
  • The vestibular lamina separates from the primary epithelial band at about 6 weeks.
  • Degeneration of the cells in the central part of this process leads to the formation of labial and buccal sulcus.
  • The tongue is separated from the rest of the mandibular process by linguo-gingival sulcus.
  • The alveolar process of the upper jaw is separated from the upper lip and cheek by labio-gingival sulcus appears laterally to the linguo-gingival sulcus.

Filed Under: Anatomy

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