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Translation Protein Synthesis DNA, with its correct mechanism of replication, serves to carry genetic information from cell to cell and from generation to generation. This information is translated into proteins that determine the phenotype. Virtually, all the phenotypes examined so far are the result of biochemical reactions that occur in the cell. All of these reactions … [Read more...] about Translation Protein Synthesis

Phenotypic Expression Of Gene Gene Expression The process by which the biological information contained in the gene is made available to the cell is called gene expression. The Central Dogma: The process that we know as gene expression was put forward by Francis Crick in 1958 in a lecture called “On protein synthesis” presented to the Society For Experimental Biology. … [Read more...] about Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits

Genetic Code As DNA is a genetic material, it carries genetic information from cell to cell and from generation to generation. At this stage, an attempt will be made to determine in what manner the genetic information exists in the DNA molecule. Are they written in articulated or coded language on DNA molecules? If in the language of codes what is the nature of genetic … [Read more...] about Degeneracy Of Genetic Code Notes

DNA Transcription In the organisms (viz., prokaryotes and eukaryotes), where coded genetic information is contained in the DNA molecule, different genetically controlled functions of their cells are performed by a different kind of nucleic acid, called non-genetic ribonucleic acid (RNA). In the cells of such organisms, the DNA molecule occurs in the chromosomes of the … [Read more...] about Stages Of Transcription, RNA Polymerase

DNA Replication As a carrier of genetic information DNA has the following two important functions: Heterocatalytic function - When DNA directs the synthesis of chemical molecules other than itself (for example., synthesis of RNA, proteins, etc.), then such functions of DNA are called heterocatalytic functions. Autocatalytic functions - The functions of DNA which … [Read more...] about DNA Replication In Prokaryotes And DNA Replication In Eukaryotes