Chancroid: Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment

Chancroid: Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment

Question 1. Name etiological agent, pathognomic diagnostic feature and treatment (only modalities) of chancre.

Answer.

Etiological Agent

It is caused by Treponema palladium

Pathognomic diagnostic Feature

A shallow, painless, indurated, non-bleeding ulcer seen on genitalia, lips, breasts and anal region, this is known as Hungarian chancre.

This is confirmed by dark-field microscopic study of discharge for organism.

“Understanding The Causes Of Chancroid”

Treatment (Modality only)

Antibiotic therapy should be given.

“Symptoms Of Chancroid In Adults”

Question 2. Write short note on septicemia.

Answer. Presence of overwhelming and multiplying bacteria in blood with toxins causing systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiorgan dysfunction syndrome.

Septicemia Clinical Features

• Intermittent high-grade pyrexia (fever)
• Rigors and chills.
• Jaundice due to liver damage.
• Peripheral circulatory failure.
• Intravascular coagulation.
• Patient may go into septic shock.
• Septic shock is secondary to sepsis; it is characterized by inadequate perfusion of tissue.
• The septic shock diffrs from all other forms of shock by having hot stage before cold stage.

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Septicemia Types

• Gram-positive septicemia: It is due to staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc. It is common in children, old age.
  diabetics and after splenectomy. Common origin is skin,respiratory infection
• Gram-negative septicemia is common in acute abdomen such as peritonitis, abscess, urinary infections, biliary infections,postoperative sepsis.
  It is commonly seen in malnutrition,old age, diabetics, immunosuppressed people.
  Common focus of infection is gram-negative infection is urinary infection, abscess or infected wounds, biliary sepsis, post operative wounds.

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Septicemia Investigations

• Urine/pus/discharge culture
• Blood culture
• Hematocrit
• Electrolyte assessment PO2 and CO2 analysis
• Blood urea, serum creatinine, liver function test

“Dealing With Discomfort Caused By Chancroid Ulcers”

Septicemia Complications

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Liver dysfunction
• Renal failure
• Bone marrow suppression-thrombocytopenia
• Multiorgan failure

“Recovery Process After Chancroid Treatment”

Septicemia Treatment

• Antibiotics such as cefoperazone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime,amikacin, tobramycin, metronidazole.
• Fresh blood transfusion.
• Adequate hydration.
• Oxygen supplementation.
• Ventilatory support.
• Electrolyte management.
• Parenteral nutrition
• CVP line for monitoring and perfusion.
• Fresh-frozen plasma or platelets in disseminated intravascular coagulation