Welding Techniques in Dentistry: Types, Applications, and Common Failures

Welding Techniques In Dentistry

Welding in Dentistry

Welding is the process by which two pieces of similar metals are joined together without addition of another metal.

Types of Welding:

Cold welding: In this type of welding, there is no use of heat. This is carried out by hammering or pressure, for example, Gold foil filing
Hot welding: In this type of welding, heat of enough intensity should be used for melting the metals which are joined. This heat source can be from an oxyacetylene flme or high amperage electric current.

Types Of Welding

Methods of Welding in Dentistry

Spot Welding: The apparatus which is used for spot welding is known as ortho- deontic spot welder.

Clean the parts which are to be joined.
It should be checked that the surfaces of electrodes are smooth, flt, and perpendicular to the long axis.
Both ends should be in proper contact with each other.
Welder settings should be adjusted as per the manufacturer.
The proper electrode should be selected.
For thin material broad electrode is used and for thick material narrow electrode is used.
As this is done, this causes an even distribution of weld nuggets.
Weld mates should be inserted between the electrodes and should be closed together, press the switch to allow a large current to pass through the pieces.
A combination of heat and pressure will join metal pieces together.
This welding is known as spot welding.

Welding Techniques In Dentistry Types Applications And Common Failures

Pressure Welding: If two metal parts are placed together and a sufficient large force is applied perpendicular to the surface, pressure welding occurs, for example, Pure gold and gold foil.

Laser Welding: In laser welding, the beam is focused at the joint to melt the opposing surfaces. The two liquid surfaces contact and form a weld on solidification.

Applications of Welding in Dentistry

In orthodontics to join flat structures like bands and brackets.
In pedodontics, to weld bands and other appliances.
In prosthodontics, to join wrought wire clasps and repair of broken metal partial dentures.

Advantages of Welding in Dentistry

It is very easy to use and is not technique sensitive.
Here solder of flux is not required.
The ideal technique for joining the flat surfaces
There are less chances of joint failure.
Welding produces strong joints
As heat generated is less, work can be done by hand without the use of specialized instruments.

Failures in Welding in Dentistry

If weld mates are not clean various impurities such as grease, saliva, and cement lead to the failure of the joint.
Due to the improper selection of electrode size.
If the electrode consists of debris or cement particles on it, then the joint can fail.
If electrodes do not touch each other properly, sparking can occur and there is localized overwelding which can weaken the joint.
Too high or low pressure at the time of joining can compromise joint strength.
As heat generated by current is not optimum welding failure can occur.