Types Of Movements In The Human Body

Types Of Movements In The Human Body

Briefly describe the following movements:

1. Circumduction,
2. Supination and pronation,
3. Inversion and eversion and
4. Opposition.
   

Answer.

1. Circumduction
   • This movement is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in a sequence.
   • It is a cone-like circular movement in which the distal portion of moving part moves in a circle. For example, during the bowling of a cricket ball, there is circumduction of the upper limb at the shoulder joint, while the hand, holding the cricket ball moves in a circle. Such movements are possible at the shoulder, hip joints, etc.
2. Supination and pronation
   • In supination, the forearm and hands are rotated laterally around their longitudinal axes from midprone position so that palm of the hand faces anteriorly/upwards.
   • In pronation, the forearm and hand are rotated medially around their longitudinal axes from the midprone position so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly/downward.
   • The movements of supination and pronation occur at the superior and inferior radioulnar joints.
3. Inversion and eversion
   • In an inversion, the medial border of the foot is raised, so that the sole of the foot faces inwards/medially, while in an eversion, the lateral border of the foot is raised so that the sole of the foot faces outwards/laterally. These movements occur at the talo-calcaneo-navicular and subtalar joints.
4. Opposition
   • In this movement, the tip of the thumb touches the tips of other digits, e.g. when one does count on fingers. This movement occurs at 1st carpometacarpal joint. The head includes a skull, face, and brain.