Thyroid Nodules And Swellings

Thyroid Nodules And Swellings

Write Classification of thyroid swelling. Discuss Treatment of simple goiter.

Answer. Classification of Thyroid Swelling

Thyroid Swelling Simple nontoxic

• Diffse hyperplastic:
• Physiological
  • Puberty
  • Pregnancy.
• Primary iodine deficiency

“Comprehensive Overview Of Thyroid Nodule Symptoms”

• Secondary iodine deficiency:
  • Goitrogens of Brassica family, e.g. cabbage,soyabean
  • Excess dietary floride.
  • Drugs: PAS, lithium, phenylbutazone, thiocyanates, potassium
  • perchlorate, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine.
  • Dyshormonogenetic goitre.
• Colloid goitre.
• Nodular goitre (Multinodular).
• Solitary nontoxic nodule.
• Recurrent nontoxic nodule.

“Causes Of Thyroid Nodules And Swellings”

Thyroid Swelling Toxic

• Diffse (Primary)—Grave’s Disease.
• Multinodular (Secondary)—Plummer’s disease.
• Toxic nodule (solitary) (Tertiary).
• Recurrent toxicosis.

“The Role Of Ultrasound In Diagnosing Thyroid Nodules”

Thyroid Swelling Neoplastic

• Benign Adenomas: follicular, Hurthle cell.
• Malignant:
  • Carcinomas: Papillary, follicular, medullary,anaplastic.
  • Lymphomas.

Thyroid Swelling Thyroiditis

• Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis.
• De-Quervain’s autoimmune thyroiditis.
• Riedel’s thyroiditis.

“Symptoms Of Thyroid Nodules In Adults”

Rare causes: Bacterial (suppurative), amyloid.

Treatment Of Simple Goiter

• When entire gland is diseased total thyroidectomy is done.
• Subtotal thyroidectomy is done depending on the amount of gland involved, amount of normal gland existing and location of nodules.
  It is a commonly done procedure in multinodular goitre.
  Eight grams of thyroid tissue is retained in each lateral lobe.

“Preventing Complications From Thyroid Nodules”

• Often partial thyroidectomy or Hartley Dunhill operation (isthumus + one entire lateral lobe and opposite side subtotal or partial) is also done depending on the amount of diseased gland and normal tissues behind.
• Partial thyroidectomy is not well approved now.
• Postoperative L thyroxine is often given to prevent any flctuation in TSH level which may cause recurrent nodule formation.