Therapeutic Uses Of Clonidine

Question 1. Write A Short Note On Therapeutic Uses Of β-Blockers.
Answer:

Hypertension: β blockers are used to treat all grades of hypertension. They are also indicated in angina, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias.
In the prophylaxis of angina and myocardial infarction: β blockers decrease the oxygen demand of the myocardium and decrease the heart rate. These drugs reduce the frequency of angina attacks. They are indicated in the acute phase of myocardial infarction so that they limit the size of the infarct.
In cardiac arrhythmias: They are indicated in atrial arrhythmias i.e. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Congestive cardiac failure: Chronic usage of β blockers reduced the rate of mortality during chronic heart failure.
Pheochromocytoma: These drugs control cardiac manifestations produced by pheochromocytoma.
Glaucoma: They decrease intraocular pressure by decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor. Timolol is the choice of drug.
In the prophylaxis of migraine: They decrease the frequency of migraine headaches.
Hyperthyroidism: Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism decrease due to the blockade of β receptors.
Essential tremors: Propranolol provides relief in tremors.
Anxiety: It acts as an antianxiety drug.
Alcohol withdrawal: Propranolol provides benefits for alcohol withdrawal.
Dissecting aortic aneurysm: β blockers reduce cardiac contractility as well as the development of pressure during systole.

Question 2. Write Short Note On The Therapeutic Uses Of Clonidine.
Answer:

Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug.

Clonidine Uses

It is used in hypertensives along with the diuretics.
Opioid withdrawal: Clonidine suppresses sympathetic overactivity of opioid withdrawal syndrome and reduces craving to some extent.
Clonidine has also facilitated alcohol withdrawal and smoking cessation.
Clonidine has analgesic activity: It has been used to substitute morphine for intrathecal/epidural surgical and postoperative analgesia.
Administered preoperatively, it diminishes anesthetic requirements.
Clonidine attenuates vasomotor symptoms of menopausal syndrome.
Clonidine has been used to control loose motions due to diabetic neuropathy.

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