Sebaceous Cyst
Answer. A sebaceous cyst is also called an epidermoid cyst.
- This occurs due to obstruction of sebaceous ducts, resulting in the accumulation of sebaceous material.
- The sebaceous material becomes enlarged due to the retention of its sebum. So it is also called a retention cyst.
- The cyst is lined by squamous epithelium material with an unpleasant smell.
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- In the center of the cyst a black spot is found, it is keratin filed punctum.
- Site: Scalp, face, back, scrotum, etc. The sebaceous cyst may occur anywhere in the body where there are sebaceous glands.
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Sebaceous Cyst Clinical Features
- It is a painless swelling that is smooth, soft, non-tender, freely mobile, adherent to the skin especially over the summit, fluctuant, and non-transilluminating with punctum over the summit.
- Cyst molds on finger indentation.
- The punctum is present over the summit in 70% of cases because the sebaceous duct opens directly in the skin which gets blocked.
The punctum is the black-colored spot over the summit of the sebaceous cyst. - Hair loss over the surface is common because of constant pressure over the roots of the hair follicle.
- The unpleasant odor of sebum content is typical.
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Sebaceous Cyst Complication
- Infection and abscess formation
- The surface gets ulcerated leading to the formation of a painful fungating mass with discharge known as Cock’s peculiar tumor which resembles epithelioma.
Cock’s peculiar tumor is not a tumor but a chronic granuloma on the ulcerated surface of the sebaceous cyst. - Sebaceous horn results from the hardening of slowly discharged sebum through the punctum.
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Sebaceous Cyst Treatment
- Excision includes skin adjacent to the punctum using an elliptical incision also known as the dissection method.
- Incision and avulsion of cystic wall.
- If the abscess is formed, then drainage initially and later excision is done.
- If the capsule is not removed properly cyst will recur.
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