Osteomyelitis: Diagnosis And Treatment
Describe the etiology, pathology, and treatment of acute osteomyelitis.
Answer. Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of the medullary portion of bone.
“Mri Vs Ct Scan For Osteomyelitis”
Osteomyelitis Etiology
- Direct spread of infection from dental pulp into the mandible.
- Spread of infection in the mandible from presenting suppurative odontogenic infections.
- Spread of infection following removable of the tooth without proper asepsis and antibiotic coverage.
- Compound fracture of the mandible with exposure of bone outside the mucosa.
- Postradiation secondary infection.
- Infection to the pre-existing bony lesions, e.g. Paget’s disease of bone and fibrous dysplasia.
Read And Learn More: Maxillofacial Fractures, Disorders, and Treatments
“Risk Factors For Developing Osteomyelitis”
Osteomyelitis Pathology
“Osteomyelitis Vs Cellulitis Symptoms”
Osteomyelitis Treatment
The treatment includes:
- Conservative treatment.
- Surgical treatment.
- The goal of management is:
- Attnuate and eradicate the proliferating pathological organisms.
- Promote healing.
- Re-establish vascular permeability.
- The goal of management is:
“Pathophysiology Of Osteomyelitis Explained”
Successful treatment Based on
- Early diagnosis.
- Bacterial culture and sensitivity test.
- Adequate and prompt antibiotic therapy.
- Adequate pain control.
- Proper surgical intervention.
- Reconstruction (if indicated).
“Complications Of Untreated Osteomyelitis”
Osteomyelitis Conservative treatment
- Complete bed rest.
- Supportive therapy: It includes nutritional support in the form of a high protein and high caloric diet and adequate multivitamins.
- Dehydration control: Hydration orally or through IV fluid.
- Blood transfusion: When RBC and Hb are low.
- Control of pain: Analgesic and sedation.
- Intravenous antimicrobial agents: Penicillin.
Osteomyelitis Surgical treatment
Surgical intervention is done under antibiotic cover and started at least 1 to 2 days before the procedure.
“Acute Vs Chronic Osteomyelitis Differences“
Osteomyelitis Incision And Drainage
- Done as soon as possible.
- It relieves pain and pressure caused by pus accumulation.
- Extraction of loose or offending teeth.
- Debridement: Followed by incision and drainage thorough debridement of the affected area should be carried out.
- The area may be irrigated with hydrogen peroxide and saline thrice a day.
- Any foreign body, necrotic tissue, or small sequestrum should be removed.
- Drainage for the body and angle of the mandible area is established through an extraoral submandibular skin incision.
- Intraoral drainage can be established for the body of the mandible.
- Sequestrum formed should be removed, if it can be gently picked up (sequestrectomy).
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