Oral Manifestations Of HIV Disease

Oral Manifestations of HIV Disease

Question. Write a short note on AIDS.
Answer. AIDS is defined as a disease indicative of a defect in cell-mediated immunity occurring in a person with no known cause for immunodeficiency other than the presence of HIV.

Oral Manifestations of AIDS Investigations for AIDS

Prophylactic Measures to be Adopted by a Dental Surgeon While Treating an AIDS Patient.

In OPD

• Any patient with an open wound, gloves are worn when examining a patient.
• During laryngoscopy, gloves should be worn.
• Hand gloves and eye protection during flexible endoscopy.
• Use disposable instruments.
• Reusable instruments are cleaned in soap and water and then immersed in glutaraldehyde.
• No surgical procedure involving sharp instruments is performed in the OPD.

Oral Manifestations of HIV Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

In the Operating Room

• The operating table is covered with a single sheet of polythene.
• The number of personnel in the operating room should be reduced to a minimum.
• The staff with abrasions or lacerations on their hands is not allowed inside the operating room.
• Staff who enter the theater wear overshoes, gloves and disposable water-resistant gowns and eye protectors.

Management of AIDS

• Inactivation of HIV virus is done by heat produced in an autoclave or hot air oven, 2% glutaraldehyde, etc.
• Interferon: It has antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.
• Thymic replacement therapy: This corrects the immune defect.
• Lymphokines and cytokines
• Bone marrow transplantation
• Monoclonal antibody therapy
• Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy
• Antiviral therapy or HAART therapy

HIV and Oral Health: Common Manifestations and Clinical Features

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI): Zidovudine, didanosine, abacavir, lamivudine, stavudine.

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI): Nevirapine, delavirdine.

• Protease inhibitors (PI): Ritonavir, indinavir, amprenavir.
• Virus adsorption inhibitors: They interfere with the virus binding to cell surface by shielding positively charged sites on gp-120 glycoprotein like polyanionic compounds.
• Counseling of HIV patients and their families.
• Life expectancy after initial HIV infection is 8–10 years.