Nutrition
Question 1. Importance of milk in our daily diet
Answer:
- It is almost a completely natural food
- It is the only food for the offspring of mammals on their birth
- It provides about 70 Cal/ 100 ml of energy
Read And Learn More: BDS Previous Examination Question And Answers
Composition:
Question 2. Define basal metabolic rate. List any four factors affecting it.
Answer:
Basal Metabolic Rate Definition:
- It is the minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain life at complete physical and mental rest in the post-absorptive state.
Basal Metabolic Rate Normal Values:
- Adult male – 35-38 Cal/sq.m/hr
- Adult female – 32-35 Cal/sq.m/hr
Factors Affecting BMR:
- Surface area
- It is directly proportional to BMR
- Sex
- Higher in males
- Age
- Higher in infants and growing children
- Decreases in adults
- Physical activity
- Increased in athletes
- Hormones
- Thyroid hormone stimulates BMR
- Environment
- Higher in warm climates than in cold climates
- Disease states
- Increased in infections
- Decreased in Addison’s disease
Question 3. Balanced diet
Answer:
- It is defined as a diet which contains different types of foods possessing the nutrients- carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins & minerals in a proportion to meet the requirements of the body
- It supplies a little more of each nutrient than the minimum requirement to keep the body in a state of good health & protect against leanness
- Its basic composition varies from country to country
- Indian balanced diet is composed of
- Cereals
- Pulses
- Roots & tubers
- Fruits
- Milk & milk products (vi) Fats & Oils
- Sugar
- Groundnuts
- Meat, fish & eggs in non-vegetarians
- Additional amounts of milk & pulses in vegetarians
Question 4. What is calorie? Mention the caloric value of carbohydrates, proteins & fats
Answer:
- Calorie
- A calorie is the unit of heat
- It represents the amount of heat required to rise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree centigrade
- It is represented as Cal or C 1 Cal = 4.128 Kilojoules
Calorie Value
Question 5. Proteins energy malnutrition (or) Protein calorie malnutrition
Answer:
- It is the most common nutritional disorder in developing countries
- The two extreme forms of it are
- Kwashiorkor
- Marasmus
Question 6. Protein-sparing action of carbohydrates.
Answer:
- Proteins perform various functions & maintain the growth of the body
- The wasteful use of proteins to meet the energy needs of the body should be minimized
- This is done through carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates spare the proteins from being misused for caloric purposes
- This is called the protein-sparing action of carbohydrates
Question 6. What is scavenger lipoprotein? Why it is so called?
Answer:
- Scavenger R lipoprotein is called scavenger lipoprotein
- It is so-called because
- It removes waste & degraded lipoprotein
- Maintains turnover of lipoproteins
- Excess of these lipoproteins results in atherosclerosis & death
Question 7. Recommended dietary allowance (RDA).
Answer:
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of important nutrients for an adult man, weighing 70 kg:
Question 8. The specific dynamic action of food
Answer:
Specific Dynamic Action of Food Synonyms:
- Calorigenic action/ Thermogenic action / Thermic action of food
Specific Dynamic Action of Food Definition:
- When given food is metabolized by the body, the extra heat produced by the body over and above the calculated caloric value is called the specific dynamic action of food (SDA)
Specific Dynamic Action of Food Value:
Specific Dynamic Action of Food Significance:
- The diet should be planned according to the specific dynamic actions of food
Question 9. What is BMR? Write two factors affecting it.
Answer:
BMR Definition:
- It is the minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain life at complete physical and mental rest in the post-absorptive state.
Factors Affecting BMR:
- Surface area
- Sex
- Age
- Physical activity
- Hormones
- Environment
- Disease states
Question 10. The calorific value of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Answer:
Calorific values:
Question 11. What is calorific value?
Answer:
- The energy contained in food is determined by measuring the heat produced by the complete combustion of a specified quantity of it.
- This is usually expressed in joules per kilogram.
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