Nasal Decongestant

Question 1. Write Short Note On Nasal Decongestant.
Answer:

Nasal decongestants are adrenergic drugs.
The nasal decongestants are phenylephrine, xylometazoline oxymetazoline, naphazoline, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine.
Nasal decongestants are alpha agonists which on topical application as a dilute solution produce local vasoconstriction and relieve nasal congestion.
Nasal decongestants are used in allergic rhinitis, common cold, sinusitis, etc.
If used chronically the nasal decongestants can lead to rebound congestion.
Topical decongestants produce adverse effects such as atrophic rhinitis, anosmia, and local irritation. If these are absorbed systemically they can cause hypertension.
Pseudoephedrine as well as phenylephrine are used combined with antihistaminics in anticold formulations.
The imidazoline compounds, i.e. naphazoline, xylometazoline and oxymetazoline are selective α2 agonist. These have a long duration of action.
Regular use of nasal decongestants should be avoided because mucosal ciliary function is impaired.

Pharmacology Synopsis Notes: Key Concepts and Drug Mechanisms

Question 2. Classify Adrenergic Drugs According To Their Therapeutic Uses.
Answer:

Classification of Adrenergic Drugs Based on Their Therapeutic Uses

Pressor Agents: Noradrenaline, Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, Dopamine, Methoxamine, Mephentermine.
Cardiac Stimulants: Adrenaline, Dobutamine, Isoprenaline
Bronchodilators: Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Bambuterol
Nasal Decongestants: Phenylephrine, Naphazoline, Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline, Pseudoephedrine
CNS Stimulants: Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Dexamphetamine
Anorectics: Fenflramine, Sibutramine, Dexfenflramine
Uterine relaxants and vasodilators: Ritodrine, Salbutamol, Isoxsuprine, Terbutaline.

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