Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Write short note on hypothyroidism.
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Write short answer on management of hypothyroidism.

Answer. Inadequate release of thyroid hormone and its defective synthesis give rise to clinical synthesis of hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism Etiology

• After doing thyroidectomy
• Agenesis or dysgenesis
• Enzyme deficiency
• Iodine deficiency
• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
• Antithyroid drugs
• Radioiodine
• Drugs: Lithium, amiodarone

“Symptoms Of Hypothyroidism In Women”

Forms of Hypothyroidism

• Cretinism
• Myxedema.

“Preventing Complications Of Untreated Hypothyroidism”

Hypothyroidism Cretinism

• Congenital absence of thyroid hormone leads to condition called as cretinism.
• A cretin has retarded physical and mental growth.
• Child is obese with pads of fat in supraclavicular region,coarse features, limbs which are stumpy, thick lips and tongue, protuberant abdomen, small eyes, coarse hairs and dry skin.
• TSH will be raised; T3 and T4 will be low.
• Cretinism will be treated by L thyroxine once in a day in morning orally.

“Best Treatments For Hypothyroidism”

Hypothyroidism Myxedema

Myxedema is a clinical condition resulting from decreased circulating levels of T3 and T4.
It is characterized by deposition of mucinous material causing swelling of skin and subcutaneous tissue.

“Recovery Process After Starting Hypothyroidism Treatment”

Hypothyroidism Clinical Features

• General: There is tiredness, somnolence (Prolongdrowsiness or sleepiness), weight gain, cold intolerance and goiter.
• Skin and sub-cutaneous tissue: Coarse dry skin, puffiss of face with malar flsh, baggy eyelids with swollen edematous appearance of supraclavicular regions, neck and lacks of hand and feet.
• Cardiovascular and respiratory features: Bradycardia, angina, cardiac failure, pericardial effsion and pleural effsion.
• Neuromuscular features: Aches and pains, cerebellar syndrome with slurred speech and ataxia, muscle cramps and stiffess.
• Gastrointestinal features: Constipation and ascites
• Developmental: Growth and mental retardation
• Reproductive system: Infertility, menorrhagia, hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea.

“What Tests Diagnose Hypothyroidism”

Hypothyroidism Management

• In patient ofmyxedema adequate ventilation is maintained along with electrolyte balance and slow warming.
• Principle of therapy is replacement of defiient thyroid hormones.
• Replacement with L thyroxine 100 to 150µg/day. In old patients with ischemic heart disease initial therapy is with 25 to 50 µg/day and then gradually increased till the required dose. Drug may take at least a week to act.
• It is better to give the drug in morning hours to obviate sleeplessness.
  Initial rapid response is achieved by giving L iodothyronine 20µg TID.