Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 1. Write In Brief About Routes Of Transmission Of Hiv In Relation To Dentistry.
Answer:

The routes of transmission of HIV in relation to dentistry are as follows:

• By using contaminated needles in the mucous membrane of the mouth.
• By using unsterilized partial dentures and fixed dentures.
• By using unsterilized dental instruments.
• By transfusion of contaminated blood.

Question 2. Mention briefly methods used in viral diagnosis.
Answer:

Human immunodeficiency virus

The various methods used are as follows:

1. Microscopic examination: Ordinary microscope for detection of the inclusion body is useful. The ordinary microscope is also useful for the examination of stained smears of tissue sections for characteristic histological changes. Immunofluorescent techniques are used for the rapid identification of viruses.

2. Demonstration of virus antigen: In smallpox, the antigen is abundant in lesions and so used to be demonstrated rapidly by precipitation in gel (PIG) or immunofluorescent technique.

3. Isolation of virus: The methods of isolation of different viruses are different. Viruses are identified by disease and the particular lesions they produce. Tissue culture is being more popular as it is convenient and cheap.

4. Serological diagnosis: Rising titer of antibodies to the virus during disease is supporting and almost confirmatory evidence. The serological methods widely used are complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization, immunology essence, radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA, etc.