Hemorrhage: Causes, Symptoms, And Effective Treatments

Hemorrhage: Causes, Symptoms, And Effective Treatments

Describe hemorrhage—its types, causes, clinical features, and management.
Or
Write a long answer on the cause of hemorrhage and its management.

Answer. Hemorrhage is the escape of blood from the blood vessel.

Hemorrhage Causes

• Hemorrhage occurs due to road accidents and injuries
• Gunshot wounds
• During surgeries such as thyroid surgery, circumcision, and hydrocele surgery.
• Due to erosion of the carotid artery by cancer.
• During inguinal block dissection.
• In bleeding disorders such as hemophilia.

Hemorrhage Clinical Features

• The patient becomes pallor and thirsty. At times, cyanosis is also present.
• There is the presence of tachycardia and tachypnea
• The patient feels air hunger.
• Skin is cold and clammy due to vasoconstriction.
• The patient has a dry face, dry mouth, and goose skin appearance.
• There is the presence of rapid thready pulse and hypotension
• Oliguria is present.

Hemorrhage Signs of Hemorrhage

• Pulse > 100/min
• Systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg
• Diastolic blood pressure drop on sitting or standing > 10 mm Hg
• Pallor/sweating
• Shock index, i.e. ratio of pulse rate to blood pressure >1