Hemangioma

Hemangioma

Hemangiomas are lesions which are not present at birth but they manifest within the fist month of life, exhibit a rapid proliferative phase and slowly involute to non­existent.

Classification of Hemangiomas by Watson and McCarthy

• Capillary hemangioma
• Cavernous hemangioma
• Angioblastic hemangioma
• Racemose hemangioma
• Diffse systemic hemangioma
• Metastaizing hemangioma
• Port-Wine stain
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Hemangiomas are lesions which are not present at birth but they manifest within the fist month of life, exhibit a rapid proliferative phase and slowly involute to non­existent.

Classification of Hemangiomas by Watson and McCarthy

• Capillary hemangioma
• Cavernous hemangioma
• Angioblastic hemangioma
• Racemose hemangioma
• Diffse systemic hemangioma
• Metastaizing hemangioma
• Port-Wine stain
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Hemangioma Clinical Features

• Occur most commonly in infants and children.
• Peak incidence of central hemangiomas is during 2nd decade of life.
• More common in females
• Most commonly affected bones are facial bones, i.e. mandible, maxilla and nasal bones.
• Lesion appears as a flat or raised lesion of mucosa which is deep red or bluish red and is circumscribed.
• Lesion is compressible and filed slowly when released.
• Intra-orally commonly affected sites are lip, tongue, buccal mucosa and palate.

Hemangioma Histopathology

• There are several histopathologic types of hemangioma found in oral cavity, among them two very common types are:
  • Capillary hemangioma
  • Cavernous hemangioma.

Capillary hemangioma

• They are histologically characterized by numerous, small,endothelial lined capillaries in lesion which are densely packed by erythrocytes.
• Cells of endothelial lining are single layered.
• Endothelial cells are spindle shaped.
• Capillaries are well formed and are present throughout the lesion.
• Fibrous connective tissue stroma is not well formed and is loosely arranged.

Histopathology Of Cavernous Hemangioma

• They are histologically characterized by large, irregularly shaped, dilated, endothelialized sinuses which contain large aggregates of erythrocytes.
• A single layer of flttd endothelial cell lines each sinus.
• Sinus lacks muscular coat on their walls.
• Large area of hemorrhage and hemosiderin pigments is often seen within cavernous hemangioma lesions.