Diencephalon And Third Ventricle Question And Answers

Diencephalon And Third Ventricle Question And Answers

Question 1. What is a diencephalon? List its subdivisions.
Answer.

The diencephalon is the part of the brain that lies between the brainstem and cerebrum. The cavity within it is called 3rd ventricle.

Diencephalon Subdivisions The major subdivisions of the diencephalon are as follows:

• Thalamus
• The metathalamus, consisting of medial and lateral geniculate bodies
• Epithalamus, consisting of the pineal body and habenular nuclei
• Hypothalamus

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Question 2. What is the thalamus? Enumerate its major nuclei.
Answer.

Anatomically, the thalamus is a large, egg-shaped mass of grey matter lying above the brainstem, from which it is separated by a small amount of neural tissue called the subthalamus. Functionally, the thalamus is the great sensory relay station (gateway) to the cerebral cortex.

It receives sensory impulses from the opposite half of the body and transmits them to the sensory cortex. There are two thalami situated one on each side of a slit-like cavity called the 3rd ventricle.

Diencephalon anatomy

Thus, the medial surface of each thalamus forms the side wall of the 3rd ventricle. The anterior end of the thalamus is narrow and forms the tubercle of the thalamus. Its posterior end is expanded and free, which is called the pulvinar.

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Major nuclei of the thalamus. The major nuclei of the thalamus are as follows:

• Anterior nucleus
• Mediodorsal (dorsomedial) nucleus
• Pulvinar
• Ventral tier of nuclei:
  • Ventral anterior nucleus (VA)
  • Ventral lateral nucleus (VL)
  • Ventral posterior nucleus (VP)
    • Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
    • Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)

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