Desferrioxamine

Question 1. Write A Short Note On EDTA.
Answer:

The full form of EDTA is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

It is given as a calcium disodium salt to prevent life-threatening depletion of calcium.
It is poorly absorbed orally and is given either by slow intravenous infusion or by IM route
It is used chiefly for the chelation of lead, but it can also be used in poisoning by zinc, manganese, and certain heavy radionucleotides: uranium, plutonium, etc.
Nephrotoxicity from EDTA has been reported, but it can be maintained by adequate urine flow, avoidance of excessive doses, and limitation treatment course to 5 or fewer consecutive days.
The other side effects are fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Question 2. Write A Short Note On Desferrioxamine.
Answer:

Desferrioxamine which has a very high affinity for iron is capable of chelating 85 mg of elemental iron.

The straight-chain desferrioxamine molecule winds around ferric iron and forms a stable nontoxic complex that is excreted in the urine. It removes loosely bound
iron as well as that from hemosiderin and ferritin, but not from hemoglobin or cytochrome.
Another desirable property is its low affinity for calcium.

Edta Uses

Acute iron poisoning: IV desferrioxamine is given.
Transfusion siderosis: This occurs in thalassemia patients who receive repeated blood transfusions. Desferrioxamine 0.5–1 g/day IM helps to excrete the chronic iron overload; may also be infused IV concurrently with a blood transfusion of 2 g per unit of blood.
It is used IV to chelate aluminum during dialysis.

Edta Adverse Effects

Desferrioxamine can cause histamine release and fall in BP, flushing, itching urticaria, and rashes.
A variety of allergic reactions are reported.
Changes in the lens and retina can occur on repeated use.
Other side effects are abdominal pain, loose motions, muscle cramps, fever and dysuria, diarrhea, dyspnea, hypotension, and tachycardia.
Long-term use can cause neurotoxicity.

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