Candidiasis: Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies

Symptoms Of Candidiasis

Write short note on candidiasis.

Answer. Candidiasis is the fungal infection caused by yeast-like fungus, i.e. Candida albicans.

Types of Candidiasis

Primary candidiasis:

Acute form:

• Pseudomembranous
• Erythematous

“Treating Candidiasis In Elderly Patients”

Chronic form:

• Hyperplastic
• Erythematous
• Pseudomembranous

Candida-associated lesion:

• Denture stomatitis
• Angular stomatitis
• Median rhomboid glossitis

“Dealing With Discomfort Caused By Candidiasis”

“Best Practices For Managing Candidiasis Treatment”

Keratinized primary lesion super-infected with Candida:

• Leukoplakia
• Lichen planus
• Lupus erythematosus

Secondary candidiasis

“Understanding The Causes Of Candidiasis”

Predisposing Factors

• Changes in oral microbial flora: Marked changes in oral microbial flora can be seen during administration of systemic antibiotics, due to chronic use of mouth rinses, and xerostomia due to anticholinergic agent. These all lead to candidiasis.
• Local irritant: Local irritants such as dentures, due to heavy smoking, orthodontic appliances can lead to candidiasis.
• Drug therapy: Administration of immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids, head and neck radiotherapy can cause candidiasis.
• Acute and chronic diseases: Various acute and chronic diseases such as leukemia, diabetes, tuberculosis can cause candidiasis.
• Malnutrition state: Low serum vitamin A, low iron level and low pyridoxine levels may lead to candidiasis.
• Endocrinopathy: Endocrinopathies such as hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism and Addison’s disease can cause candidiasis.

“The Role Of Lab Tests In Diagnosing Candidiasis”

Clinical Features

• It is more common in females as compared to males.
• Commonly affected sites are the roof of mouth, retromolar area, mucobuccal fold and tongue.
• Patient complaints of bad taste and spicy food can cause discomfort.
• Pearly white or bluish white plaques are seen on mucosa.
  Mucosa adjacent to these plaques appears red and moderately swollen.
• White patches are easily wiped of with wet guage which leaves normal or erythematous area.
• Candida in chronic form does not rub of by lateral pressure.
  • Lesions are slightly white to dense white with cracks and fisures occasionally present.
  • Borders are often vague, which produces the appearance of epithelial dysplasia.

“Comprehensive Overview Of Candidiasis Symptoms”

Diagnosis

Clinically, the pseudomembranous lesion is scrapped of which is diagnostic of candidiasis.

Treatment

Removal of cause:

• Any of the local irritants should be removed.
• With drawal of antibiotics is done.

“Step-By-Step Guide To Diagnosing Candidiasis”

Topical treatment:

• Clotrimazole, one troche 10mg is dissolved in mouth for 5 times a day.
• Nystatin oral pastilles can be given, i.e. one or two pastilles fie times a day.
• Amphotericin B 5–10 mL of oral solution used as rinse and then expectorated 3 to 4 times a day.

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Systemic treatment:

• Nystatin 250 mg TDS for 2 weeks followed by 1 troche per day for third week.
• Ketoconazole 200 mg tablet with food once daily.
• Fluconazole 100 mg tablet OD for 2 weeks
• Itraconazole 200 mg tablet OD for 2 weeks