BSc Nursing 3rd Year Child Health Nursing Chapter 4 Integrated Management Of Neonatal And Childhood Illness Question And Answers

Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illness (IMNCI) Short Answer Questions

Question 1. IMNCI
Answer:

Integrated Management Of Neonatal And Childhood Illness:

• Over the last 3 decades, the annual number of deaths in children less than 5 years of age, has decreased by almost one-third. However, this reduction has not been evenly distributed throughout the world.
• Every year more than 10 million children die in developing countries before they reach their fifth birthday.
• The common causes of infant and child mortality in developing countries like India are perinatal conditions, acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition.

Read And Learn More: Bsc Nursing 3rd Year Child Health Nursing Previous year Question And Answers.

IMNCI Guidelines:

• The IMNCI clinical guidelines target children less than 5 years old – the age group that bears the highest burden of deaths due to common childhood diseases.
• The guidelines take an evidence-based syndromic approach to case management, that supports rational, effective, and affordable use of drugs and diagnostic tools.
• Evidence-based medicine stresses the importance of the evaluation of evidence from clinical research and cautions against the use of unsystematic and untested pathophysiologic reasoning for medical decision-making. Careful and systematic assessment of common symptoms and well-selected clinical signs provide sufficient information to guide rational and effective actions.

An evidence-based syndromic approach can be used to determine:

• Health problems or problems of child
• Severity of the child’s condition
• Actions that can be taken to care for the child (e.g. refer the child immediately or manage with available resources or manage at home).

IMNCI promotes:

• Adjustment of interventions to the capacity and functions of the health system.
• Active involvement of family members and community in the health care process because parents if correctly informed and counselled, can play an important role in improving the health status of the child

Essential Components of IMNCI Strategy:

The IMNCI strategy includes both preventive and curative interventions that aim to improve practices in health facilities, the health system, and at home.

The strategy includes three main components:

1.  Improvement in case management skills of health staff through the provision of locally adapted guidelines.
2.  Improvement in the overall health system.
3.  Improvement in family and community health care practices.

Principles of Integrated Care:

The IMNCI guidelines focus on children up to 5 years of age.

The treatment guidelines have been broadly described under two categories:

1. Young infants aged up to 2 months
2. Children aged 2 months to 5 years

The IMNCI Guidelines are based on the following principles:

• All sick young infants aged up to 2 months must be examined for signs of “possible serious bacterial infection” and all children of 2 months to 5 years must be examined for “general danger
  signs” which indicate the need for immediate referral or hospitalization.
• All sick children be routinely assessed for major symptoms, nutritional and immunization status, feeding problems, and other problems.
• Only a limited number of specific clinical signs are used to diagnose the diseases.
• Based on the presence of selected clinical signs, the child is placed in a classification that indicates the severity of the condition and treatment required.
• The classifications are color-coded “pink” which suggests referral, “yellow” which indicates initiation of treatment in a health facility, and “green” indicating home management.
• IMNCI guidelines address most common, but not all major pediatric problems
• IMNCI procedures use a limited number of essential drugs.
• It encourages the active participation of caretakers in the treatment of children.
• IMNCI includes counseling of caretakers about home care including feeding, fluids, and follow-up.

IMNCI Case Management Process:

The IMNCI case management process includes the following steps:

1. Assess the young infant/child.
2. Classify the illness.
3. Identify the treatment
4. Treat the young infant/child
5. Counsel the mother
6. Provide follow-up care

Question 2. IMNCI case management process
Answer:

The IMNCI case management process includes the following steps:

1. Assess the young infant/child.
2. Classify the illness.
3. Identify the treatment
4. Treat the young infant/child
5. Counsel the mother
6. Provide follow-up care