Bone Question And Answers

Question 1. Define bone and alveolar bone. Describe the structure of the alveolar bone.
Answer:

Bone:

• It is a living tissue, which makes up the body’s skeleton and is one of the hardest structures of the animal body.

Alveolar bone:

• It is defined as that part of the maxilla and the mandible that forms and supports the sockets of the teeth.

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Structure of alveolar bone:

• The alveolar bone contains two parts.

1. Alveolar bone proper.
2. Supporting alveolar bone.

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1. Alveolar bone proper:

• It is 0.1 – 0.4 mm thick

Functions:

1. Surrounds the root of the teeth
2. Gives attachment to principal fibers of PDL.

Parts:

Lamellated bone:

• It contains osteon which contains blood, Bessel.

Arrangement:

• Some of them are arranged parallel to the surface of the marrow space.
• While others from the Harversian system.

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Bundle bone:

• The bone directly lining the socket is called a bundle or bone.
• Principal fibers of PDL are embedded within it and constitute Sharpey’s fibers.
• They contain fewer fibrils, so they appear dark.
• Fibers are mineralized at the periphery.
• Bundle bone is formed in areas of recent bone apposition.
• It contains more calcium salt per unit area.
• Lines of rest are seen in bundle bone.
• Radiographically, it is referred to as lamina dura.
• It is opposed to an outer layer of lamellar bone.

Cribiform plate:

• Alveolar bone properly forming the inner wall of the socket is perforated by many foramina to transmit nerves and vessels, called cribriform plate.

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Interdental petunia:

• It is a bone between the teeth composed entirely of cribriform plate.
• It contains the perforating nutrient canals – Zuckerkandl and Hirschfeld.

2. Supporting alveolar bone:

• The bone that surrounds the alveolar bone properlysupportsrt to the socket is called supporting alveolar bone.

It consists of

Cortical plates:

• It forms the outer and inner plates of the alveolar processes.
• It consists of surface layers of fine-fibered lamellar bone supported by compact Harversian system bone.
• It is thinner in the maxilla and thickest on the buccal aspect of mandibular premolars and molars.
• They are continuous with compact layers of the maxilla and mandible body.
• In the maxilla, the outer cortical plate is perforated by small openings for blood and lymphatics, while in the mandible it is dense.

Spongy bone:

• It is bone occupying the central part of the alveolar process.
• It fills the area between the cortical plates and the alveolar bone properly.
• It consists of bone disposed of in lamellae with Harversian systems occurring in the large trabeculae.
• They are surrounded by marrow, rich in adipose cells and pluripotent mesenchymal cells.

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Question 2. Types of bone
Answer:

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