Bone Grafting
Autograft is the bone obtained from the same individual.
- Autograft is also known as autogenous bone graft.
- Grafts are transferred from one position to another within the same individual. Autogenous bone, is certainly the best since it has both osteogenetic and osteoinductive potential.
- Its availability is nevertheless limited, and its use generally results in additional inconvenience for the patient.
- They are resorbed and replaced by few viable bone. Autogenous bone grafts can be harvested from intraoral or extraoral sites and can be cortical bone or cancellous bone.
“The Role Of Autografts In Ridge Augmentation For Dental Implants”
Site for Obtaining Autogenous Grafts
The various sites for procuring autogenous bone grafts are as follows:
- Intraoral sites: Healing extraction wounds, edentulous ridges, exostosis, lingual ridge on the mandible, bone distal to the terminal tooth, lingual surface of the mandible at least 5 mm from the roots, maxillary tuberosity and mandibular retromolar area.
- Extraoral sites: Iliac autografts-posterior iliac crest. Problems associated with iliac autografts are postoperative infection, exfoliation, sequestration, varying rates of healing, root resorption and rapid recurrence of the defect. Root resorption is very common with fresh iliac. It has been observed clinically that frequent curettage of the resorbed area, particularly in the crestal areas of newly forming bone, often reverses the process. Due to the morbidity associated with donor site anti root resorption, the iliac crest marrow grafts are not used now in regenerative periodontal therapy.
“Uses Of Autografts In Bone Grafting For Dental Implants”
Various Autografts
Osseous Coagulum
- This is a mixture of bone dust obtained by grounding cortical bone and blood.
- Round carbide bur revolving at 25,000 to 30,000 rpm is used within the surgical site to reduce donor bone to small particles, which is then coated with the patient’s blood to make coagulum.
Autograft Advantages
- It is a rapid technique.
- Complements osseous resective procedures that may be required at surgical site.
- Its particle size provides additional surface area for interaction between cellular and vascular elements.
“Understanding The Benefits Of Autografts In Bone Grafting For Implants”
Autograft Disadvantages
- Cannot be used in larger defects because of inability to procure adequate material.
- Poor surgical visibility is present.
- Relatively low predictability.
- Inability to use aspiration during accumulation of coagulum.
- Fluidity of the material makes it difficult to transfer coagulum to the defect.
“Comprehensive Overview Of Autograft Techniques For Dental Implants”
Autograft Bone Swaging
- Piece of bone is incompletely detached from its base by a chisel and swung into a neighboring bone defect with some of its blood supply maintained.
- It is the technique which requires existence of an edentulous area adjacent to the defect.
- It represents a contiguous or pedicle bony autograft utilizing the principle of greenstick fracture of long bones.
Bone Blend
It involves removing bone (cortical, cancellous or both) from accessible intraoral do not site by chisel or rongeur forcep, placing it in sterile plastic amalgam capsule with pestle and then triturating.
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