Bone Allografts in Dentistry

Bone Allograft

Allograft

• Allograft is also known as homograft.
• Allograft is the tissue transfer between individuals of same species but of non-identical genetic composition.
• Allografts were utilized in an attempt to stimulate bone formation in the intrabony defects to avoid additional surgical insult which is associated with the use of autogenous grafts.

“Benefits Of Using Bone Allografts In Dentistry”

• Bone allografts are commercially available from tissue banks.
• Bone allografts are obtained from cortical bone within 12 hours of the death of the donor, defatted, cut in pieces, washed in absolute alcohol, and deep-frozen. The material may then be demineralized, subsequently ground and sieved to a particle size of 250 to 750 μm, and freeze-dried.
• Finally, it is vacuum-sealed in glass vials.
• Numerous steps are also taken to eliminate viral infectivity. These include exclusion of donors from known high-risk groups and various tests on the cadaver tissues to exclude individuals with any type of infection or malignant disease. The material is then treated with chemical agents or strong acids to inactivate the virus, if still present.

“Step-By-Step Guide To Preparing For Bone Allograft Surgery”

Types of Allografts

There are two types of allografts used clinically i.e.

• Freeze dried bone graft
• Demineralized freeze dried bone grafts
  • Freeze Dried Bone Graft
    • It is considered to be the osteoconductive material.
    • It is radiopaque
    • It can be broken down by the way of foreign body reaction.
    • This is primary indicated in bone augmentation which is associated with the implant treatment.

“Understanding The Benefits Of Bone Allografts In Dentistry”

• • Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Graft
    • It is considered to be the osteoinductive material.
    • According to the laboratory studies demineralized freeze dried bone graft is considered to be have high osteogenic potential as compared to Freeze Dried Bone Graft and so it is preferred.
    • It is more of radiolucent material.

“The Role Of Bone Allografts In Ridge Augmentation Procedures”

• • • It is rapidly resorbed.
    • It is primarily indicated in the periodontal disease associated with the natural tooth. As it shows prominent probing depth reduction, attachment level gain and osseous regeneration.
    • Combination of demineralized freeze dried bone graft and guided tissue regeneration is very successful as a treatment method.
    • Limitations of the use of demineralized freeze dried bone graft include the possible, although remote, potential of disease transfer from the cadaver.