Acute Rheumatic Fever Question And Answers

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Question. Write a short note on Acute Rheumatic Fever.
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Describe in brief about rheumatic fever.
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Write short answer on rheumatic fever.
Answer.

Acute Rheumatic Fever

It is an acute inflmmatory disease which occurs due to infection by group A hemolytic streptococci which involves heart, joint, skin and nervous system which develops as autoimmune reaction to infecting organism.

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Acute Rheumatic Fever Etiology

1. Predisposing causes:
   Age should be 5 to 15 years.
   Sex has equal incidence
2. Genetic factors: Family incidence known.
3. Social and economic factors: Dampness, overcrowding and under nutrition increases incidence.
4. Idiosyncrasy is presumably a factor since 3% of people are involved in streptococcal epidemics develop rheumatic fever.

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Clinical Manifestations Acute Rheumatic Fever.

1. Prodromal phase: Tonsillitis or sore throat 1 to 4 weeks prior to onset of acute rheumatic fever. Besides this anorexia, pallor, fatigability and nervous irritability is present.
2. Latent phase: When antibodies to preceding streptococcal infection are produced.
3. Phase of onset of rheumatic fever/mode of onset.
   Arthritis and fever 2–3 weeks after infection.
4. Cardiac symptoms 3–6 weeks after infection is fist to draw attntion.
5. Abdominal symptoms: Abdominal pain and tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever and leukocytosis.
6. Pyrexia of unknown origin
7. Typhoid or inflenzal mode of onset with fever
8. Nodules of skin lesion.

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Treatment of acute rheumatic Fever

1. Bed rest is important to reduce joint pain and cardiac workload.
   Duration of bed rest is guided by markers of inflmmation like temperature, WBC count and ESR.
2. Benzathine penicillin 1.2 mu IM 4 hourly.
   If patient is allergic to penicillin, erythromycin 40–50 mg / kg for ten days is given.
3. Aspirin usually relieves symptom of arthritis rapidly.
   A starting dose of 60 mg / kg body weight per day is given divided into 6 doses.
   The dose may be increased to 120 mg / kg body weight.
   This dose may produce severe symptoms like vomiting, tachypnea and acidosis is given till ESR comes to normal.
4. Corticosteroids like prednisolone produces rapid symptomatic relief than aspirin and is indicated in cases with severe arthritis or carditis.
   Prednisolone is given in doses of 1.2 mg / kg body weight till ESR comes to normal..

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Acute Rheumatic Fever Diagnosis and Treatment Options