Enzymes Explained: Definition, Classification, and Key Examples

Enzymes Explained: Definition, Classification, and Key Examples

Classification of enzymes with suitable examples.
Answer.

Definition Of Enzymes

Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts synthesized by living cells. They are protein in nature, colloidal, thermo-labile in character, and specific in action

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Enzymes: definition and classification

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Classification Of Enzymes

• To have uniformity in the identification of enzymes, the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) adopted a nomenclature system based on chemical reaction type and reaction mechanism
• According to this system, the enzymes are grouped in six classes
• The enzymes are classified as
• Oxidoreductases
• Transferases
• Hydrolases
• Lyases
• Isomerases
• Ligases

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Oxidoreductases

• These enzymes are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions
• The reaction is
  

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• Examples of oxidoreductases:
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase
  • Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • Cytochrome oxidase
  • Amino acid oxidase
  • Xanthine oxidase
  • Glutathione reductase
  • Catalase

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Types of enzymes in biochemistry

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Transferases

• Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a particular group from one substrate to another
• The reaction is
  
• Examples of transferases are:
  • Aspartate transaminase
  • Ornithine carbamoyl transferase
  • Methyl transferase
  • Phosphorylase
  • Hexokinase

Six classes of enzymes

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Hydrolases

• These are enzymes that bring about the hydrolysis of various compounds
• The reaction is
  
• Examples of hydrolases are:
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • Glucose 6-phosphatase
  • Lipase
  • Choline esterase
  • Urease
  • Amylase
  • Pepsin
  • Trypsin

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Lyases

• Enzymes that help in the removal of a small molecule from a large substrate
• The reaction is
  
• Examples of lyases are:
  • Histidase
  • Argininosuccinase
  • Aldolase
  • Fumarase

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IUB classification of enzymes

Isomerases

• These are enzymes involved in isomerization reactions
• The reaction is
  A—> A’
• Examples of isomerases are:
  • Phospho triose isomerase
  • Retinol isomerase
  • Maleyl acetoacetate isomerase
  • UDPG epimerase
  • Racemase

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Ligases

• These are enzymes involved in the joining together of 2 substrates
• The reaction is
  

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• Examples of ligases are:
• Glutamine synthetase
• Glycogen synthetase
• Delta ALA synthase
• Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
• Succinate thiokinase
• DNA ligase