Cerebrum Brain Anatomy Question And Answers

Cerebrum Brain Anatomy Question And Answers

Question 1. Write a short note on the blood supply of the brain.
Answer:

The proper blood supply to the brain is essential because consciousness is lost within 10 seconds of the cessation of the blood supply. If this state continues, irreversible brain damage starts at 4 minutes and is completed within 10 minutes.

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Question 2. Write a short note on the circle of Willis.
Answer.

Formation and location

The brain is supplied by two pairs of major arteries:

1. A pair of vertebral arteries and
2. A pair of internal carotid arteries.

The branches of these arteries anastomose in the region of the interpeduncular fossa at the base of the brain to form a somewhat circular anastomosis called the circle of Willis. The two vertebral arteries unite at the lower border of the pons to form the basilar artery, which divides at the upper border of the pons into right and left posterior cerebral arteries.

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The internal carotid artery of each side terminates in the region of the anterior perforated substance by dividing into a smaller anterior cerebral artery and a larger middle cerebral artery. The posterior communicating artery (a branch of the internal carotid artery) on each side communicates with the posterior cerebral artery.

A single short anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries.

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The circle of Willis (circulus arteriosus) is thus formed by the anterior communicating artery and the anterior cerebral arteries anteriorly, the termination of the internal carotid artery and the posterior communicating artery on each side, and the bifurcation of the basilar artery, including the posterior cerebral arteries posteriorly.

Function: Provides various alternate routes for collateral circulation.

Applied anatomy: The sites where two arteries unite to form the circle of Willis may dilate to form berry-shaped dilatations called berry aneurysms. The rupture of these aneurysms leads to subarachnoid haemorrhage at the base of the brain in the region of the interpeduncular fossa.