Resin Based Composites And Bonding Agents Question And Answers

Resin Based Composites And Bonding Agents

Question 1. Classify anterior restorative materials. Write in detail about the composition and classification of composite resin.
Or
Classify anterior restorative materials. Write in detail about composite restorative material.
Or
Write a short note on composite resin.
Or
Describe briefly composite resins.
Or
Classify composite resin material. Give the composition of composite resin.
Answer:

Tooth-colored restorative materials are:

• Composite resins
• Glass ionomer cement
• Silicate cement
• Ceramics
• Acrylic resins.

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Composite Resin:

• It is a tooth-colored restorative system.
• It is basically a resin that has been strengthened by adding silica particles.

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Classification of  Restorative materials

1. ISO 4049:200:

• Type 1: Polymer-based materials suitable for restorations involving occlusal surfaces
• Type 2: All other polymer-based materials and luting agents

2. Based on the curing mechanism (ISO 4049: 2009):

In this classification Type 1 and Type 2 are classified into 3 subclasses, i.e.

• Class 1: Self-cured materials
• Class 2: Light-cured materials
  • Group 1: Energy applied intraorally
  • Group 2: Energy applied extraoral
• Class 3: Dual-cured materials

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3. Based on filer particle size (Willems, 1993):

• Fine: Particle size > 3 µm
• Ultrafie: Particle size < 3 µm
• Microfie: Average particle size–0.04 µm
• Nano: Nano range—0.005–0.01 µm

4. Based on filer particle size:

• Macro filers: 10 to 100 µm
• Midfielders: 1 to 10 µm
• Minifilers: 0.1 to 1 µm
• Microfilers: 0.01 to 0.1 µm
  • Homogeneous: Contain only microfilers
  • Heterogeneous: Microfillers combined with prepolymerized filers
    1. Splintered prepolymerized particles
    2. Spherical prepolymerized particles.
  • Agglomerated: Microfiler sintered to form large filer particles.
• Nanofiler: 0.005 to 0.01 µm
• Hybrid.

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5. Based on viscosity:

• Conventional
• Flowable
• Packable.

6. Based on the application and commercial availability:

• Restorative composites: Direct intraoral restorations
  • Hybrid composites
    1. Macrofiled hybrids
    2. Midfiled hybrids
    3. Minifiled hybrids
    4. Nanofiled hybrids.
  • Microfiled
  • Nanofiled
  • Flowable
  • Packable
  • Core build-up composites.
• Prosthodontic composites
• Provisional composites
• Luting composites
• Repair composites.

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Composition of  Restorative Materials

• Matrix: Plastic resin that is continue and binds the filler particles.
• Resin matrix: Commonly used Bis-GMA or urethane dimethyl acrylate.
• Fillers: Quartz colloidal silica on heavy metal glasses.
• Fillers improve the physical properties of composite resin.
• Coupling agent: Organosilanes. The coupling agent bound the filer particle to the resin matrix.

Composite resin also contains:

• Hydroquinone: Inhibitor (to prevent premature polymerization).
• UV absorbers: To improve color stability.
• Opacifirs: Titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide.
• Color pigments: To match the tooth color.

Uses of Composite Resin:

• As direct and indirect restorative material for both anterior and posterior teeth.
  To Venner the metal crowns and fixed partial dentures.
• As a component of fiber reinforced composites used in fier splints, FRC posts, etc.
• Chemical cures as well as dual cure resins are used as core build-up materials in post-endodontic restorations.
• For direct splinting of mobile teeth with or without glass fiber or metal wire.
• As luting agents and root canal sealers.
• Filled and unfiled composite resins are used as pit and fissure sealants.
• In bonding orthodontic brackets during orthodontic treatment.
• As aesthetic lamination.
• For repair of chipped porcelain restorations.

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Question 2. Brief on bonding agents.
Or
Write a short note on bonding agents.
Answer:

Current bonding agents bond to enamel and dentin so the terminology dentin bonding agent is not relevant. Usage of the terminology dentin bonding agent is limited till its evolution.

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Question 3. Classify restorative resin. 
Answer:

Classification of Restorative Resin:

• Unfiled resin (no filers), i.e. acrylic resin
• Filled resin, i.e. composites
• Preventive resin, i.e. pit and fissure sealants.