BDS Previous Examination Question And Answers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Parotid Gland Blood Supply:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Parotid gland is supplied by external carotid artery & its branches<\/li>\n
- The veins drains into<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- \n
\n- External jugular vein<\/li>\n
- Internal jugular vein<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Parotid Gland Nerve Supply:<\/strong><\/p>\n1. Parasympathetic nerves:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- They are Secretomotor<\/li>\n
- They pass through following pathway<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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2. Sympathetic nerves:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- They are vasomotor<\/li>\n
- They are derived from plexus around middle meningeal artery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. Sensory nerves:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Gland receives sensory supply from Auriculotemporal nerve<\/li>\n
- While parotid fascia is supplied by sensory fibres of great
\nauricular nerve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nParotid Gland Applied Anatomy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Parotid swelling are very painful due to unyielding nature of the parotid fascia<\/li>\n
- Parotid gland can be infected by the mumps virus<\/li>\n
- It causes bilateral parotid swelling<\/li>\n
- Its complications are Orchitis & pancreatitis<\/li>\n
- Spread of infection from the oral cavity can result in parotid abscess<\/li>\n
- It is best drained by Hilton’s method<\/li>\n
- During parotidectomy, the gland is removed in two parts- superficial & deep<\/li>\n
- It is to preserve facial nerve<\/li>\n
- Frey’s syndrome is the complication of parotidectomy<\/li>\n
- Mixed parotid tumour is slow growing, painless & lobulated<\/li>\n
- Its malignant transformation causes pain, rapid growth, fixation & involves facial nerve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 2. Describe the external features, relations nerve supply & development of parotid gland (or) Name the arteries seen in the substance of parotid gland (or) Anatomy of parotid gland<\/strong>
\nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\nParotid Gland External Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Parotid gland is three sided pyramid in shape<\/li>\n
- It has\n
\n- Apex<\/li>\n
- Four surfaces\n
\n- Superior<\/li>\n
- Anteromedial<\/li>\n
- Superficial<\/li>\n
- Posteromedial<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Three borders\n
\n- Anterior<\/li>\n
- Medial<\/li>\n
- Posterior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Parotid Gland Development:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It is ectodermal in origin<\/li>\n
- It develops from the buccal epithelium just lateral to the angle of mouth<\/li>\n
- Its outgrowth branches forms duct system & acini<\/li>\n
- The mesoderm forms intervening connective tissue septa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 3. Describe parotid gland under following heading. Morphology, Histology.<\/strong>
\nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\nParotid Gland Morphology:<\/strong><\/p>\n1. Size<\/p>\n
\n- It is largest of all salivary gland<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. Shape<\/p>\n
\n- It is three sided pyramid with apex directed downwards<\/li>\n
- It has four surfaces & three borders to separate them<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. Weight<\/p>\n
\n- It weighs 15 grams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid Gland Histology:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- In the parotid gland the spherical secretory end peices are all serous<\/li>\n
- The pyramidal shaped acinar cells have a spherical, basally situated nucleus<\/li>\n
- It surrounds a small, central lumen<\/li>\n
- It may contain fat cell spaces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid Gland Ducts:<\/strong><\/p>\n1. Intercalated ducts<\/p>\n
\n- They are numerous & long<\/li>\n
- They are lined with cuboidal epithelium<\/li>\n
- Nuclei of myoepithelial cells may appear<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. Striated ducts<\/p>\n
\n- They are numerous<\/li>\n
- They are round or elongated tubules<\/li>\n
- It consists of simple columnar epithelium<\/li>\n
- Nuclei are round & centrally placed<\/li>\n
- Lumina are relatively larger in size<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 4. Beginning, course, termination & relations of parotid duct<\/strong>
\nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\nParotid Duct:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It is thick walled & about 5 cm long<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid Duct Beginning:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It emerges from the middle of the anterior border of the gland<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid Duct Course:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It runs forwards & slightly downwards on the masseter<\/li>\n
- At its anterior border, it turns medially & pierces\n
\n- Buccal pad of fat<\/li>\n
- Buccopharyngeal fascia<\/li>\n
- Buccinator\n
\n- Next it runs forwards for a short distance between the buccinator & the oral mucosa<\/li>\n
- Finally turns medially<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid Duct Termination:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It opens into the vestibule opposite the crown of the maxillary second molar tooth<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 5. Describe structures passing through parotid gland<\/strong>
\nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\nStructures passing through parotid gland:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Question 6. Parotid duct opening.<\/strong>
\nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\nParotid duct:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It is thick walled & about 5 cm long<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid duct Beginning:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It emerges from the middle of the anterior border of the gland<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Parotid duct Course:<\/strong><\/p>\n