The Scalene Muscles

The Scalene Muscles

Question 1. Give origin, insertion & superficial relations of scalenus anterior muscle
Answer:

Scalenus Anterior Muscle:

• It is a paravertebral muscle

Origin:

• Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 3, 4, 5 & 6

Insertion:

• Scalenus tubercle & adjoining ridge on the superior surface of first rib

Relations:

“Understanding the scalene muscles through FAQs”

“Importance of studying the scalene muscles for medical students: Questions explained”

Question 2. Thyroid gland follicle
Answer:

• Thyroid gland is covered by a fibrous capsule
• Septa extends from capsule into gland substance & divides it into lobules
• Each lobule is made up of follicles
• Follicle has a cavity filled with colloid
• Each follicle consists of

“Common challenges in mastering scalene muscle notes effectively: FAQs provided”

1. Cells:

1. Follicular cells
   • They line the follicles
   • They secrete T3 & T4 hormones
   • They contains
     • Golgi complex
     • Lysosomes
     • Microtubules
     • Microfilaments
     • Secretory vacuoles
       • They vary in shape according to their activity
         1. NormallyCells are cuboidal with moderate colloid
         2. Inactive cellare flat with abundant colloid
         3. Highly active cellare columnar with scanty colloid
2. C cells or parafollicular cells
   • They are polyhedral cells with oval nuclei

“Steps to explain cell types involved in the scalene muscles: Myoblasts vs fibroblasts: Q&A guide”

Location:

• In between follicular cells & basement membrane
• In connective tissue between the follicles

Contains:

• Granular endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi complex
• Mitochondria
• Membrane bound Secretory granules

“Factors influencing success with scalene muscle studies: Q&A”

Hormone secreted:

• Thyrocalcitonin

2. Connective tissue stroma:

• It surrounds the follicles
• It contains capillary plexus, lymphatic capillaries & sympathetic nerves