Teeth Development In Children

Teeth Development In Children

• Predental/Dentate period.
• Deciduous dentition period.
• Mixed dentition period.
• Permanent dentition period.

“Understanding the role of teeth development in child oral health: Q&A explained”

• Period from birth to the eruption of the fist deciduous teeth in oral cavity.
• In this period neonate does not have any teeth.
• It usually lasts for 6 months aftr birth.
• The alveolar ridge at this stage is called gum pad.

• The gum pads are pink, fim and are covered by a dense layer of firous periosteum.
• They are horseshoe, shaped in the maxilla and U-shaped in mandible.
• The gum pads develop in two parts – the labio-buccal portion and the lingual portion.
• The labio-buccal portion develops before the lingual portion.
• The two portion of the gum pads are separated from each other by a groove called dental groove (Dental groove is the site of origin of the dental lamina).
• The gum pads are divided into 10 segments by 10 grooves called transverse groove.
• Each segment contains one developing deciduous tooth sac.
• The transverse groove between the canine and first deciduous molar segment is called lateral sulcus.
• The lateral sulcus of the mandibular arch is normally more distal to that of the maxillary arch. The gum pads meet only at the lateral sulcus on other part the gum pads do not meet, they help in feeding of infant.

“Common challenges in monitoring teeth development in children: FAQs provided”

• The gum pads meet only at the lateral sulcus on other part the gum pads do not meet, they help in feeding of infant.
• When the upper and lower gum pads are approximated there is a complete overjet all around. This space is occupied by tongue resulting in tongue thrust.
• The greater the anterior-posterior dimension of the gum pads, the greater the possibility of the child developing malocclusion.

• Primate.
• Physiological.

• Primate space present between lateral incisor and canine in maxilla (in maxillary arch this space is used up by permanent incisors which are more wider).
• In mandibular arch the primate space present between canine and fist molar (this space is used by permanent molar).

“Role of eruption patterns in primary teeth development: Questions answered”

• These spaces are present in between the primary teeth and play an important role in normal development of the permanent dentition.
• The total space present may vary from 0 to 8 mm with average 4 mm in maxillary arch and 1 to 7 mm with average 3 mm in mandibular arch.

• The deep bite is reduced due to:
• Eruption of permanent posterior teeth
• Attrition of incisors
• Forward and downward movement of mandible due to growth.

• The permanent teeth which erupt in place of deciduous teeth are called successional teeth.
• The teeth those erupt posteriorly to the primary teeth are called accessional teeth.
• The mixed dentition period classified into:
  • First transitional period.
  • Inter transitional period.
  • Second transitional period.

• Emergence of fist permanent molar.
• Incisors transition (incisor liability).
• Establishment of occlusion.

“Steps to educate parents about teeth development in children and its importance: Q&A format”

• Mandibular fist molar is the fist permanent tooth to erupt at 6 years of age.
• Location as well as relationship of fist permanent molar depends on the distal surface relationship between maxillary and mandibular second primary molars.
• First permanent molars are guided in the dental arch by distal surface of second deciduous molar.
• Mesiodistal relationship between the distal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular second primary molars can be of three types viz:
  • Flush terminal plane: Distal surface of upper and lower second primary molar are in the one vertical plane. This is known as flsh or vertical terminal\ plane. It is the normal feature of deciduous dentition. So the erupting fist permanent molars can also be in flsh or end on relationship. For transition of this end on molar relationship to Class I molar relation, lower molar should move forward by 3 to 5 mm relative to upper molar. This happens by utilizing of physiologic spaces and leeway space in lower arch and by the diffrential forward growth of mandible.
  • Shif in the mandibular molar from flsh terminal plane to Class I relation occur by two ways i.e. early shift and the late shift
  • Early shift: It occurs at the early mixed dentition period. Eruptive force of fist permanent molar is suffient to push deciduous fist and second molars forward in the arch to close primate space and establish a class I molar relationship. As this occurs early, this is known as early shift
  • Late shift: As many of the children lack primate spaces and so erupting permanent molars are unable to move forward to establish class I relationship. In such cases, when second deciduous molar exfoliate, permanent molars drif mesially utilizing the leeway space. This occurs in late mixed dentition period and is known as late shift

• During the first transition period the deciduous incisors are replaced by permanent incisors.
• The permanent incisors are larger than the deciduous teeth.
• The diffrence between the amount of space needed for the accommodation of the incisors and the amount of space available for this is called “incisor liability”.
• The incisor liability is about 7 mm in the maxillary arch and about 5 mm in the mandibular arch.
• The incisor liability is overcome by:
  • Utilization of physiologic space seen in primary dentition.
  • Increase in intercanine width.
  • Change in incisor inclination.

• This is a relatively quiet phase and no active tooth eruption is seen.
• This phase containing both set of dentition.
• Four permanent incisors, lef and right permanent fist molars.
• Deciduous canine and molars.

• Leeway space of Nance.
• Ugly duckling stage.

“Asymptomatic vs symptomatic effects of poor communication about teeth development: Answered”

• The combined mesiodistal width of permanent canine and premolar is less than deciduous canine and molars.
• This is called Leeway space of Nance.
• It is 1.8 mm in maxillary arch and 3.4 mm in mandibular arch.
• This space is utilized by mandibular molars to establish class I relationship.

• Some changes that can be seen in permanent dentition are:
  • Horizontal overbite decreases.
  • Dental arches become shorter.
  • Vertical overbite decreases up to the age of 18 years by 0.5 mm.
  • Overjet decreases by 0.7 mm between 12 and 20 years of age.