Systolic vs. Diastolic Blood Pressure

Systolic vs. Diastolic Blood Pressure

What is systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure? Give an account of factors that maintain blood pressure.
Answer:

Definition:

1. Systolic Blood Pressure:

• It is defined as the maximum pressure exerted in the arteries during systole of the heart.
  Normal value:
• 120 mm Hg.
• It ranges between 100-130 mm Hg.

2. Diastolic blood pressure:

• It is defined as the minimum pressure exerted in the arteries during diastole of the heart.
  Normal value:
• 80 mm Hg
• It ranges between 70 – 85 mm Hg.

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3. Pulse pressures:

• It is the difference between the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
  Normal values:
  • 40 mm Hg.

Factors maintaining blood pressure:

1. Central factors:

Cardiac output:

Effect on blood pressure:

• Systolic pressure is directly proportional to the cardiac output.
• Thus, increases in cardiac output, increases systolic pressure.
• If increase in cardiac output is due to increase in heart rate, it increases diastolic blood pressure.
• If increase in cardiac output is due to increase in stroke volume, it increases systolic blood pressure.

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2. Peripheral factors:

1. Peripheral resistance:

Definition:

• It is the resistance by which blood has to overcome while passing through the periphery.
  Effect on blood pressure:
• The diastolic pressure in directly proportional to peripheral resistance
• It depends on.
  1. Velocity of blood.
     • Peripheral resistance is directly proportional to the velocity of blood.
  2. Viscocity of blood.
     • When the viscosity of blood increases it offers more resistance.
  3. Blood volume,
     • If the blood volume is more, it increases venous return and cardiac output.
     • This increases blood pressure.
  4. Elasticity of the vessel wall.
     • Total peripheraì resistance is inversely proportional to the elasticity of vessel wall.

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2. Venous return:

• Blood pressure is directly proportional to venous
• When venous return increases there is increases in ventricular filling and cardiac output.
• This, in turn increasses blood pressure.