Splenomegaly – Hematology And Oncology

Splenomegaly – Hematology And Oncology

Question. Write a short note on splenomegaly.
Or
Write a short answer on splenomegaly.
Or
Describe briefly the causes of splenomegaly.
Ora
Enumerate the causes of splenomegaly.
Or
Enumerate five causes of splenomegaly.

Answer:

Splenomegaly is defined as the enlargement of the spleen. Spleen can be mildly, moderately and massively enlarged.

Classifiation of Splenomegaly as Per its Size:-

• Mild splenomegaly: In it spleen is mildly enlarged and weighs up to 500 gm.
• Moderate splenomegaly: In it the spleen is moderately enlarged weighs up to 500 to 1000 gm.
• Massive splenomegaly: In it the spleen is massively enlarged and weighs up to greater than 1000 gm.

Splenomegaly in Hematology and Oncology

Causes Of Splenomegaly:-

Infections Of Splenomegaly:-

• Bacterial: Septicemia, typhoid, infective endocarditis, TB,syphilis.
• Viral: Hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis.
• Protozoan: Malaria and kala­azar
• Parasitic: Hydatid.

Circulatory Of Splenomegaly:-

• Congestive cardiac failure
• Portal hypertension
• Hepatic or portal vein thrombosis
• Splenic vein obstruction.

Causes of Splenomegaly in Hematology and Oncology

Hematological Of Splenomegaly:-

• Hemolytic disorders: Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, pyruvic kinase defiiency, etc.
• Hematological malignancies: Acute leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and lymphomas
• Myeloproliferative disorders: Polycythemia vera
• Inflmmatory and collagen disorders: Acute rheumatic fever, lupus erythematosus
• Granulomatous disorders: Sarcoidosis and berylliosis
• Metabolic storage diseases, i.e. Gaucher’s disease
• Splenomegaly ofunknown etiology: Tropical splenomegaly,non­tropical splenomegaly.