Smoking And Periodontal Disease Question And Answers

Smoking And Periodontal Disease

Question 1. Write short note on smoking and periodontal disease.
Answer. In smokers, there is decreased gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing. But, increased prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction.

• There is increased levels of periodontopathic organisms namely, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and others.
• There is increased production of inflammatory mediators.
• Fibroblast function is diminished due to smoking and it also alters normal reparative and regeneration potential of periodontium.
• There is increased need for retreatment in smokers.
• Due to impact of smoking, there is increased pocket depth, attachment loss and bone loss.
• Due to increased rate of periodontal destruction, there is increased prevalence of severe periodontitis, which leads to increased tooth loss.
• There is increased prevalence with increased number of cigarettes smoked per day.
• There is decreased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease with smoking.

Question 2. Write short note on effect of smoking in periodontal tissue healing.
Answer. Following are the effects of smoking in periodontal tissue healing:

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Question 3. Write short note on smoking and periodontium.
Answer. Periodontium consists of gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. So effects of smoking on every component of periodontium are:

Effect of Smoking on Gingiva

• There is decreased gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing.
• Heavy smokers have grayish discoloration and hyperkeratosis of gingiva.
• Smokers have high proportion of less blood vessels with increased inflammation.
• There is decrease in GCF flow and bleeding on probing
• Subgingival temperature is decreased.

Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Ligament

• Increased prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction.
• Increased pocket depth and attachment loss.
• Increased prevalence of severe periodontitis.
• Presence of furcation involvement along with greater recession.

Effect of Smoking on Alveolar Bone

Bone loss is high even, if good oral hygiene is present