Regulation Of Blood Glucose

Regulation Of Blood Glucose

Glucose Homeostasis

Name hormones that increase the blood level with their mechanism. (or) Describe the regulation of blood glucose and add a note on disorders of blood glucose regulation.(or) Glycolysis.
Answer:

Regulation of blood glucose:

• The fasting blood glucose level in 70-100 nig/dl
• Following the ingestion of a carbohydrate meal, the blood glucose level is within normal range.
• It depends on the amount of glucose entering into circulation from processes like diet, glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis, etc., and the amount that is utilized for metabolic purposes.
• Kidneys and hormones play an important role in the regulation of blood glucose.

1. Role of the kidney:

• Glucose is filtered, reabsorbed anil returned back to circulation by the kidney.
• When the glucose concentration increases above 160 – 180 mg/dl, it is exerted in urine.

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2. Role of hormones:

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Disorders:

1. Hyperglycemia:

• It occurs when the blood glucose concentration is less than 45 mg/ill
• Clinical features:
• Headache, seizures, anxiety, coma.
• Sweating, slurred speech.

Types:

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2. Diabetes mellitus:

• It is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia.

Types:

1. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I)
   • Mainly occurs in children with so-called juvenile-onset diabetes.
   • Characterized by total deficiency of insulin due to the destruction of p-cells of the pancreas.
2. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus-type II.
   • Occurs in adults.
   • This occurs due to genetic and environmental factors.

Causes:

1. • Obesity
   • Decrease in insulin receptors.

3. Glycosuria:

One of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

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Types:

1. Renal glycosuria.
   • It is a benign condition due to a reduced renal threshold for glucose.
2. Alimentary glycosuria.

• • In certain individuals, blood glucose level rises rapidly after meals.
  • This glucose is excreted in urine and this condition is called alimentary glycosuria.

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