Pregnancy Tumor and Hormonal Gingival Enlargement: Causes and Treatment

Gingival Enlargement

Describe the etiology of chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement. Write management of drug induced gingival hyperplasia.
Answer.

Etiology of Chronic inflammatory Enlargement

• Prolonged exposure to dental plaque.
• Factors which favors the plaque accumulation i.e. poor oral hygiene.
• Irritation due to anatomic abnormalities.

“Role of counseling in improving oral care awareness during pregnancy”

• Due to improper restorative and orthodontic appliances.
• Gingival changes which are associated with mouth breathing such as gingivitis and gingival enlargement.
• Maxillary anterior region is the common site due to irritation from surface dehydration.

Management of Drug-induced Gingival Hyperplasia

Three different types of drug are associated with gingival enlargement that is anticonvulsants, calcium-channel blockers and immunosuppressant.

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“Understanding the role of hormones in gingival enlargement”

“Importance of studying pregnancy tumors for dental professionals”

Gingival Enlargement Treatment  First Step

• Oral hygiene reinforcement, chlorhexidine gluconate rinses, scaling and root planning.
• Possible drug substitution: When it is attempted it is necessary to allow at least a period of 6 to 12 months between discontinuation of offending drug and possible resolution of gingival enlargement.

“Role of progesterone and estrogen in causing gingival enlargement”

• Professional recalls.
• Azithromycin decreases the severity of cyclosporine induced gingival enlargement.
• Folic acid supplementation significantly decreases the incidence of gingival overgrowth.
• Periodic recall visits.

Causes Of Gingival Enlargement

Gingival Enlargement Treatment  Second Step

• If enlargement persists after following the above steps: Surgical therapy is indicated. There are two surgical options available based on feature it presents.
• Small areas of enlargement with no attachment loss or bone loss and has good keratinized tissue, gingivectomy is treatment of choice.
• Large areas of enlargement with presence of osseous defects and limited keratinized, gingival, periodontal flop surgery are indicated.