Pregnancy Testing Made Simple: Detecting HCG In Urine

Pregnancy Testing Made Simple: Detecting HCG In Urine

Question 1. Pregnancy tests.
Answer:

Pregnancy tests are based on the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in urine, detected as early as 14 days after conception.

They are:

1. Biological tests:

• They are carried on experimental animals.
• They area:
  1. Ascheim Zondek test.
  2. Kupperman tests.
  3. Friedmann’s tests.
  4. Hogben test.
  5. Galli-mainini test.

2. Immunological test:

• It is based on double antigen-antibody reactions.

Question 2. Contraceptive methods in males.
Answer:

1. Conventional method:

• It includes use of condom at the time of sexual intercourse.
• It prevents live sperm from meeting ovum.

2. Coitus interrupts:

• It is procedure of withdrawal of penis before ejaculation.

3. Vasectomy:

• It is bilateral ligation of the vas deferens.

4. Drugs:

• These inhibit spermatogenesis.
• Example: Gossypol, testosterone.

Question 3. Advantages of condom as contraceptive.
Answer:

• Easy to use
• Free from side-effects
• Protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STD).
• Prevents entry of semen into female genital tract.

Question 4. Safe period.
Answer:

• The periods when pregnancy does not occur are 4-5 days after menstrual bleeding and 5-6 days before the onset of next cycle.
• These periods are called safe period.
• It is one of the most successful method of fertility control.
• It is based on the time of ovulation.