Plasma Protein

Plasma Protein

Enumerate plasma proteins giving normal values. Explain any five functions of plasma protein. (or) Mention the functions of plasma proteins.
Answer:

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Plasma Functions:

1. Coagulation – fibrinogen, prothrombin and antihemophilic globulin are involved in coagulation of blood.

2. Immunity they – globulins known as immunoglobulins produces antibodies which provide immunity to the body.

• There are 5 types of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgD, IgE and IgA.
• The antibodies produced react with antigens of various micro-organisms which causes disease like diphtheria, typhoid, measles.

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3. Colloidal osmotic pressure.

• It is inversely proportional to the molecular size and shape and is directly related to the concentration of molecules.
• Therefore, as albumin concentration is more in blood, it exerts maximum pressure, next is globulin and least is fibrinogen.

4. Transport media.

• Plasma proteins help in the transport of certain substances like hormones, enzymes, metals, drugs, dyes, CO₂ etc.
• Albumin, alpha globulin and beta globulin help in the transport of the hormones, enzymes, etc.
• While alpha and beta globulin help in the transport of metals in the body.

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5. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

• Globulin and fibrinogen accelerates rouleaux formation which is responsible for erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the blood.

6. Viscosity.

• Viscosity of blood is important to maintain the normal blood pressure.
• Albumin provides maximum viscosity than the other plasma proteins.

7. Buffer mechanism.

• Plasma proteins especially albumin act as buffers and regulate acid base balance in the blood.

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8. Reservior function.

• Plasma proteins stores proteins and break them into amino acids when needed by the body.
• So, they are called “reserve proteins”.

9. Suspension stability of the blood.

• Globulin and fibrinogen helps in the suspension stability of the blood.