Ovulation And Ovarian Changes During The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1. With a neat diagram describe the ovarian changes during the menstrual cycle.
Answer:

Ovarian changes during menstrual cycle:

Ovarian And Uterine Cycles

1. Follicular phase

It extends from the fifth day of menstrual cycle till 14th day
During this phase, maturation of ovum occurs
During each cycle, some 10-15 follicles enlarge to become secondary follicles under the influence of FISH
The matured ovarian follicle along with matured ovum is called graffian follicle
There is increase in the size of graffian follicle upto it surrounds the whole thickness of ovarian cortex
Some epithelial cells start secreting the female sex hormones
On 14th day, graffian follicle is prepared for ovulation

Ovulation:

It is the process in which there is rupture of graffian follicle with subsequent discharge of ovum into abdominal cavity
The ovum gets surrounded by zona pellucida and granulosa cells
This is shed into the abdominal cavity and is picked up by the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube

2. Luteal phase

This extends between 15th and 28th day of menstrual cycle
During this, corpus luteum is developed
After ovulation, the clotted blood is replaced with yellowish, lipid rich luteal cells forming corpus luteum
It enlarges from 8-9 days during which the luteal cells secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 2. Give five functions of sertoli cells.
Answer:

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