Model Cast And Die Materials Question And Answers

Model, Cast, And Die Materials

Question 1. Classify die materials. Give ideal requirements for die materials, advantages and disadvantages of each die material.
Answer:

Material that is used to prepare dies, cast and models are known as die materials.

Die: A positive replica of a single tooth is described as a “Die”.

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Types of Die Materials

• Gypsum:
  • Type IV: dental stone.
  • Type V: dental stone, high strength, high expansion.
  • Type VI: dental stone and lignosulphonates.
• Metal and metal-coated dies:
  • Electroformed
  • Sprayed metal
  • Amalgam.

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• Polymers:
  • Metal or inorganic filed resins.
  • Epoxy.
• Cement: Silicophosphate or polyacrylic acid bonded cement
• Refractory materials:
  • Investments and divestment.

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Ideal Requirements of Die Materials:

• An ideal requirement of die materials should be:
• It should be dimensionally stable and accurate.
• It should have high strength, high abrasion resistance, and toughness to allow burnishing of foil and resist breakage.
• It should have a smooth surface.
• It should be able to reproduce all fine details in the impression.
• It should be compatible with all impression materials.
• It should have color contrast with wax, porcelain, and alloys.
• It is easy to manipulate and quick to fabricate.
• It should be non-injurious to health by touch or inhalation.
• It should be economical.

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each Die Materials: Improved Dental Stone or Die Stone:

• Advantage Of Each Die Materials:
  • Good strength
  • Minimal shrinkage
  • Easy manipulation
  • Good working time
  • Set quickly
  • Compatible with impression materials
  • Has a smooth, hard surface that can be easily trimmed
  • Has good color contrast
  • Is economic.
• Disadvantages Of Each Die Materials:
  • Britte
  • Not as abrasion-resistant as the epoxy and electroformed dies.
  • Edges and occlusal surfaces may be rubbed off

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Electroformed Die Materials: Electrodeposition of copper and silver on the impression gives a hard metallic surface to the cast.

• Advantages of Electroformed Die Materials:
  • Dimensional accuracy
  • Hard and abrasion-resistant
  • Imparts a smooth surface to the wax pattern in contact
  • Not very expensive
  • Better marginal definition
  • Does not absorb oil or water
  • Prevents cuspal wear due to repeated contact with the opposing cast.
• Disadvantages of Electroformed Die Materials:
  • Difficult to trim
  • Silver bath—a health hazard
  • Not compatible with all impression materials
  • Color contrast is not as good as dying stone
  • Adaptations of wax are not as good as the die stone, the pattern tends to lift from the margins.

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Epoxy Resin Die Materials: They are most effective with rubber impression materials.

• Advantages of Epoxy Resin Die Materials:
  • Tougher and more abrasion-resistant than die stone.
• Disadvantages of Epoxy Resin Die Materials:
  • Slight shrinkage
  • Viscous, does not flow readily.
  • The setting may take up to 24 hours.

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Divestment: This is a combination of die materials and investing medium.

• Advantages of Divestment 
  • It is a highly accurate technique for conventional gold alloys, especially for extra coronal preparations.
  • In this technique, the removal of wax patterns from the die is not required.
  • Thus, the possibility of distortion of the wax pattern during removal from the die or during the setting of the investment is minimized.
• Disadvantages of Divestment 
  • Polymers: They shrink during polymerization and so tend to produce an undersized die.
  • Cement: All cement shrinks slightly exhibits brittleness and have a tendency to crack due to dehydration.
  • Metal: Sprayed die: The bismuth-tin alloy is rather soft, care is needed to prevent abrasion of the die.