Metastatic Calcification

Question 1. Write A Short Note On Metastatic Calcification.
Answer:

The deposition of calcium salts in vital tissues is known as metastatic calcification.

It always reflects some disturbance in calcium metabolism, leading to hypercalcemia.
Abnormal deposition of calcium in the tissue due to an increase in the amount of serum calcium.

Metastatic calcification

Metastatic Calcification Pathogenesis

This is favored by relatively high pH at certain sites, i.e., lung, stomach, blood vessel, and cornea.

Metastatic Calcification Etiology

The causes of metastatic calcification include one of the following two conditions:

Excessive Mobilization Of Calcium From Bones

It occurs particularly in diseases like hyperparathyroidism,m which depletes bone calcium and causes high levels of blood calcium. um
Bony destructive lesions such as multiple myeloma and metastatic carcinoma.

Excessive Absorption Of Calcium From Gut

Causes of metastatic calcification

Question 2. Write Briefl On Wet Gangrene.
Answer:

It occurs in moist tissues such as the mouth, bowel, lung, cervix, vulva, etc.

Wet gangrene develops rapidly due to blockage of venous and, less commonly, arterial blood flow from thrombosis or embolism.
The affected part gets stuffed with blood,d which favors the rapid growth of putrefactive bacteria.
Examples of wet gangrene are diabetic foot, which occurs due to high sugar content and favors the growth of bacteria, and bed sores in bedridden patients, which lead to the growth of bacteria.

Pathology notes on calcification

Wet Gangrene Pathology

Macroscopically: The affected part is soft, swollen, putrid, rotten, and dark.

Wet Gangrene Microscopically

Presence of coagulative necrosis with the stuff of the affected part with blood.
The mucosa is ulcerated and sloughed.
There is the presence of intense acute inflammatory exudates and thrombosed vessels.
The line of demarcation between the gangrenous segment and viable bowel is not clear cut.

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