Management Of Some Common Malocclusions
Give etiology and management of anterior crowding.
Answer. Crowding is the common manifestation of class 1 malocclusion. It occurs as a disproportion between tooth size and arch length.
Anterior Crowding Etiology
- Arch length: Tooth material discrepancy occurs due toa decrease in arch length or increase in the tooth material. This is the common reason for hereditary crowding.
- Presence of the supernumerary or extra teeth can lead to a crowded arrangement of teeth.
- Due to the prolonged retention of deciduous teeth which causes an eruption of their successors in an abnormal location.
- Abnormalities present in size and shape of the teeth can lead to crowding.
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- Premature loss of deciduous teeth leads to drifting of adjacent teeth in extraction space which predisposes to crowding.
- Due to rotation and transposition of tooth.
- Due to the ankylosed primary tooth.
- Due to abnormal eruption path and altered eruption sequence.
- Due to prolonged retention of the deciduous tooth.
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Anterior Crowding Management
Management in Mixed Dentition Stage
Mainly after eruption of central and lateral incisors
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- Slight crowding: Just wait and watch, do not provide any treatment.
- Moderate crowding: Lack of space by the width of one lateral incisor, wait should be done till eruption of premolars and later on expansion and guidance of eruption is the treatment, which should be carried out. Moderate crowding can be corrected by passive expansion which is done by functional regulator and the vestibular appliance.
- Pronounced crowding: Immediate treatment should be needed. Treatment can be done by expansion, guidance of eruption, serial extraction and extraction followed by the orthodontic treatment.
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Management in Young Adults
Investigations
- Arch length analysis for permanent dentition is done by Carey’s analysis.
- Complete Kesling’s diagnostic set up can be done.
- Treatment can be done either by extraction or non extraction.
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Anterior Crowding Treatment
- Non-extraction method
- This is done in cases of mild discrepancy.
- Proximal stripping is carried out and treatment is carried out by use of removable or either fixed appliances.
- Lip bumpers are used in increasing arch length.
- In patients with minor crowding arch expansion can be done and molar distalization can be done for relieving minor crowding.
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- Extraction method
- Extraction is done and further treatment is done by fixed appliance mechanotherapy.
- If any unerupted tooth is present, it should be brought into the occlusion.
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