Lymphadenopathy And Malignancy

Lymphadenopathy And Malignancy

Question. Enumerate the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy.
Or
Enumerate the causes of generalized lymphadenopathy. 
Or
Enumerate the causes of lymphadenopathy.

Answer.

1. Infectious Diseases:

1. Viral infections:

• Infectious hepatitis
• Infectious mononucleosis
• AIDS
• Rubella
• Varicella
• Herpes zoster.

2. Bacterial infections:

• Streptococci
• Staphylococci
• Salmonella
• Brucella
• Listeria monocytogenes.

3. Fungal infections:

• Coccidioidomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Chlamydial Infections
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
• Trachoma.

4. Mycobacterial infections:

• Tuberculosis
• Leprosy
• Parasitic infestations
• Microfiariasis
• Toxoplasmosis.

5. Spirochetal diseases

• Syphilis
• Yaws
• Leptospirosis.

Lymphadenopathy and Malignancy: Causes and Diagnosis

2. Immunologic Diseases:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Dermatomyositis
• Serum sickness
• Drug reactions: Phenytoin, hydralazine
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Chronic active hepatitis.

3. Malignant Disorders:

1. Haematologic disorders:

• Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Myeloid leukaemia—blastic crisis
• Chronic lymphatic leukaemia

2. Metastatic tumours:

• Melanoma
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Tumours
• Lung
• Breast
• Prostate
• Kidney
• Head and neck
• Gastrointestinal tract.

4. Endocrine disease:

• Hyperthyroidism.

5. Lipid Storage disease:

• Gaucher’s disease
• Niemann­Pick disease.

Lymphadenopathy as a Sign of Cancer

6. Miscellaneous disorders:

• Sarcoidosis
• Amyloidosis
• Sinus histiocytosis.