Lung Volumes

Lung Volumes

Question 1. What is vital capacity? Enumerate factors affecting vital capacity.
Answer:

Vital capacity:

Factors effecting it:

• Sex
• Age
• Body built
• Posture
• Pregnancy
• Presence of respiratory diseases.

“Understanding lung volumes through FAQs: Composition, functions, and uses explained”

Question 2. Name the lung volumes and capacities.
Answer:

1. LungVolumes:

• They are the volumes of air breathed by an individual during altered pattern of respiration.

Lung Volumes Types:

1. Tidal volume
2. Inspiratory reserve volume
3. Residual volume.

2. Lung Capacities:

• Two or more lung volumes together are called lung capacities.

“Common challenges in mastering lung volumes notes effectively: FAQs provided”

Lung Capacities Types:

1. Inspiratory capacity.
   • Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.
2. Expiratory capacity.
   • Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume.
3. Vital capacity.
   • Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume.
4. Total lung capacity.
   • Includes all lung volumes.

“Importance of studying lung volumes for medical students: Questions explained”

Question 3. Chloride shift/Hamburger phenomenon.
Answer:

• In plasma, plenty of sodium chloride is present.
• As the blood passes through the capillaries, HCO₃ formed in RBCs, enters the plasma along its concentration gradient.
• Sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.
  NaCI^– → Na⁺ + CI^–
• When HCO, enters the plasma, electrical equilibrium is disturbed.
• To maintain this equilbirum the negatively charged chloride ions move into the RBC.
• This is called chloride shift or hamburger phenomenon.