Lung Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Lung Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Question. Write a short note on malignancy of lung.

Answer.

Malignancy of lung is known as lung cancer.

Predisposing Factors

1. Cigarett smoking
2. Occupational exposure: This is due to radioactive gases, asbestos, arsenic, nickel, chromates, metallic iron
3. Atmospheric pollution: In urban areas
4. Lung diseases: Chances of lung cancer increases in patients
5. with cryptogenic firosing alveolitis.

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Clinical Features malignancy of lung.

Symptoms malignancy of lung.

1. Non-specifi: Weakness, tiredness, anorexia, loos of weight
2. Respiratory: Presence ofinflenza-like illness or pneumonia distal to obstruction caused by tumor, Increased cough,mild hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain which is worst at night, wheeze.

Signs malignancy of lung.

1. Clubbing of figers
2. Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
3. Mid­ inspiratory crackles over a lobe, reduction of breadth sounds over a lobe and signs of lobar collapse.
4. Wheezing sound is present
5. Pleural effsion is present.

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Diagnosis malignancy of lung.

It is based on physical examination and investigations.

Investigations malignancy of lung.

1. Chest X­ray shows peripheral round mass. It is well defined or irregular with pseudopodia or Sun­ray projection radiating from its surface.
2. Sputum cytology: On examination reveals presence of cancer cells.
3. Bronchoscopy: Fiber­optic bronchoscopy is done.
4. Thoracic CT including upper abdomen is done to see extensions of malignancy.

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Management malignancy of lung.

1. Surgery can be done.
2. Radiotherapy: When resection is not carried out of tumor,radiotherapy is employed.
   Continuous hyperfractional accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) three times daily for 2 weeks increases chances of survival.
3. Chemotherapy: Useful in patients with widespread disease and no local symptoms.
4. Commonly used combinations are mitomycin­ifosfamide­cisplatin, Mitomycin­cisplatinvincristine, cisplatin­gemcitabine and cisplatin­vinorelbine.
5. Three cycles are given.